Herod the Great: 37 to 4 BC — Ruler of entire region at time of Jesus’ birth. Upon his death in 4 BC, his kingdom was divided up amongst his three sons, Archelaus, Antipas and Philip. Archaelaus proved to be such a poor ruler that the Romans replaced him after only six years with a Procurator, Pontius Pilate, in 6 AD.
Archelaus: 4 BC to AD 6 — Ruler of Judea; replaced by Pontius Pilate. Administrative center at Caesarea.
Antipas: 4 BC to AD 39 — Ruler of Galilee and Perea. Administrative center at Sepphoris, later at Tiberias.
Philip: 4 BC to AD 34 — Ruler of region east of Galilee. Administrative center at Caesarea Philippi.
¶ OTHER DESCRIPTORS RELEVANT TO THE HISTORY OF PALESTINE
Note that the dates given below are very approximate. Similar cultural patterns emerged in different geographical regions at different times in the chronological sequence. The Urantia Book makes a note of this on page 903, “There were no distinct periods, such as the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages; all three existed at the same time in different localities.” Nevertheless, I have listed the traditional chronological periods below for general orientation to the literature.
For practical purposes, it seems reasonable to equate “Bronze” with “Andite” noting on page 904 that it was one of the Adamsonites who discovered how to alloy tin and copper in Turkestan.
It is interesting to note that the most consistent break point across the literature is the crossover into the upper paleolithic which corresponds to the arrival of Adam and Eve and the end of the ice age.
These periods are all broken down into finer subdivisions in the archaeological literature although most public museum displays do not go beyond the divisions listed here. These times are approximate; the actual times which form the boundaries of these periods vary somewhat from source to source.
The Israelite Kingdoms 1,000 BC to 586 BC (The Kingdoms of Israel and Judaea and The First Temple)
The Second Temple Period 550 BC to 70 AD (The rule of the Hasmoneans to the Herodian dynasty, the Roman governors thru the destruction of the second temple.)
Period of the Mishnah and the Talmud 70 AD to 637 AD