[p. 373]
Abad_i_, 300
‘Abb_a_sids, 10, 32, 34, 39, 45, 50, 51, 53, 54, 56, 57, 91, 92-94, 97, 98, 132-135, 153, 154, 167, 169, 174
‘Abd, 294
‘Abd All_a_h, father of Mu_h_ammad, 350, f.
‘Abd All_a_h ibn az-Zubayr, 23, 25
‘Abd All_a_h ibn Maym_u_n, 40, 42-44
‘Abd All_a_h ibn ‘Umar, 298
‘Abd al-Mu_tt_alib, 351
‘Abd al-Q_a_dir al-J_i_l_a_n_i_, 267
‘Abd ar-Ra_h_m_a_n, the Umayyad, 33
‘Abd ar-Razz_a_q, 271, f.
‘_A_bida, 174
Abkam, 340
Abraham, also Ibr_a_h_i_m, 42, 226, 345
Ab_u_ ‘Abd All_a_h ibn Karr_a_m; see Ibn Karr_a_m
Ab_u_-l-‘Al_a_ al-Ma‘arr_i_, 199
Ab_u_ Bakr, 1st Kh., 13-16, 23, 24, 36, 56, 71, 165, 200, 250, 268, 297, 307, 313, 346
Ab_u_ D_a_’u_d as-Sijist_a_n_i, 81
Ab_u_ Dharr, 207
Ab_u_-l-_H_ajj_a_j ibn Tuml_u_s, 260
Ab_u_ _H_an_i_fa, 94-102, 106, 121, 127, 193, 309
Ab_u_ H_a_shim, 159, f.
Ab_u_ Hudhayl, 136-139, 159, 248
Ab_u_ Sahl, 325
Ab_u_ Shuj_a_‘ al-Ispah_a_n_i_, 351
Ab_u_ Sufy_a_n, 22
Ab_u_ Sulaym_a_n of Damascus, 175
Ab_u_ _Ta_lib, 10
Ab_u_ Ta_lib al-Makk_i, 176, f.
Ab_u_ ‘Ubayda, 150
Ab_u_ Ya‘q_u_b ibn ‘Abd al-Mu’min, 252-255
Ab_u_ Yus_u_f, the Q_adi_, 96-99
Ab_u_ Yus_u_f al-Man_su_r, 252, 255
Active Intellect, 236, 250-253, 256, 265
‘_A_da, 113
‘Adad, 326
_A_dam, 42, 43, 171, 232, 312, 332, 346
‘Adam, 316
‘Ad_i_ al-Hakk_a_r_i_, 267
‘_A_dil, 356
‘Adl, 291
Africa, 59
Africa, North, 26, 35, 45, 46, 62, 243
Ahl at-taw_hi_d wal-‘adl, 136
Ahl kit_a_b, 24
A_h_mad al-Malaw_i_, 331
A_h_mad ar-Rif_a_‘a, 267
A_h_mad ibn ‘Abd All_a_h ibn Maym_u_n, 44
A_h_mad ibn Ab_i_ Duw_a_d, 156
[p. {prr. 374]
A_h_mad ibn _H_anbal, 79, 103, 110, 157, 158, 172, 175, 176, 187, 274, 277, 293
‘A’isha, wife of Mu_h_ammad, 10, 13, 21
‘A’isha, daughter of Ja‘far a_s_-_Sa_diq, 173
Al-Ajh_u_r_i_, 346
Al-Akh_t_al, 89
‘_A_lam al-jabar_u_t, 234
‘_A_lam al-malak_u_t, 234, 235
‘_A_lam al-mulk, 234
Alastu bi-rabbikum, 171
Aleppo, 162
Alexandria, 241
‘Alids, 18, 32-35, 37, 51, 155, 157, 166, 187
‘Al_i_ ibn Ab_i_ _Ta_lib, 18-31, 36, 37, 44, 45, 88, 121, 155, 182, 249, 259, 275, 297, 307, 313, 314, 346
‘A_lim, 337; cf. ‘ulam_a
Almeria, 260
Alp Arsl_a_n, 213
Alphonso the Wise, 233
Al-‘Alqam_i_, 346
A‘m_a_, 340
‘Am_a_, 340
Am_a_na, 347
‘Amr ibn ‘Ubayd, 129
Am_i_na, mother of Mu_h_ammad, 351
Anima Mundi, 232
‘Aq_i_da, 316
‘Aq_i_qa, 356
‘Aql, 120, 136, 148, 157, 214, 269, 272, 292, 308, 316
Al-’aql al-fa‘ ‘_a_l; see Active Intellect
Arabs, 8, 14, 17, 24, 40, 44-46, 50, 51, 60, 67, 68, 74, 124, 125, 127, 133, 134, 150, 157, 243, 305
Arabia, 15, 23, 25, 36, 37, 131
Arabia, South, 23, 36, 37, 45, 59
Arab ‘Ir_a_q; see al-‘Ir_a_q
Ar_h_amu-r-r_ah_im_i_n, 210
Aristotelians, Aristotelianism, 134, 140, 144, 161-163, 168, 196, 198, 201, 202, 286
Aristotle, 134, 138, 140, 144, 161-164, 198, 221, 232, 236, 248, 253, 255, 256, 260, 264
‘Arsh, 301
Asamm, 340
Al-asharatu-l-mubashshara, 268, 297, 314
Al-Ash‘ar_i_, 187-190, 192, 193, 200, 208, 214, 217, 218, 220, 226, 229, 230, 293, 308, 319, 341
Ash‘arites, 191, 201, 207-213, 241-247, 272, 273, 276, 280, 291, 292, 338
‘Ash_u_r_a_, day of, 28
A_s_la_h_, 190, 292, 311; see, too, sal_ah_
Al-asm_a_ al-h_usn_a, 210, 280, 321, 341
Assassins, 27, 49, 53, 59,169,170, 196; see, too, Ism_a_‘_i_lians, B_at_inites, Ta‘l_i_mites
‘At_a_ ibn Yass_a_r, 128
Athos, Mount, 178
Avenpace, 250; see, too, Ibn B_a_jja
Averroes, Averroism, 251; see, too, Ibn Rushd
Avicenna, 197; see, too, Ibn S_i_n_a_
Awl_a_d ‘llw_a_n, 268
Awwal_i_y_a_t, 260
Al-Aw_za_‘i, 98
[p. {prr. 375 }]
Azal_i_, 291, 300, 309, 322, 343
B_a_bism, 5
Bad_a_ha, 308
Badakhsh_a_n, 170
Badan, 141
Badawite darw_i_shes, 267
Baghd_a_d, 5, 50-53, 56, 111, 133, 159, 162, 166-168, 175, 184, 185, 190, 194, 195, 207, 213, 217, 220, 226, 267
Baghd_a_d, Pashalik of, 60
Bakam, 340
Bal_a_da, 347
Balkh, 174
Baq_a_, 323
Al-B_a_qil_a_n_i_, 200, 201, 207
Barmak, Barmecides, 50
Bashsh_a_r ibn Burd, 150
Ba_si_r, 337
Al-Ba_s_ra, 18, 23, 25, 83, 150, 159, 167,174, 187, 188
B_at_in, 314
Ba_t_n, 42
Bay‘, 353
Al-Bayj_u_r_i_, 315
Baytu-l-‘izza, 335
Bedaw_i_s, 62
Berbers, 45, 243, 244, 248, 249
Beyrout, 84
Bid‘a, 74, 78, 148, 186, 297, 299, 307
Bil_a_ kayfa wal_a_ tashb_i_h, 147, 171, 191, 208, 294, 344; cf. kayfa
Bil-fi‘l; see Fi‘l
Bishr al-Mar_i_s_i_, 155
Bishr ibn al-Mu‘tamir, 142, 143, 151, 152
Al-Bis_ta_m_i_, Ab_u_ Yaz_i_d, 183, 188, 225, 268
Brotherhood of as-San_u_s_i_, 61, ff.
Buddhists, 134
Al-Bukh_a_r_i_, 79, 80, 147, 148
Burgundy, 83
Buwayhids, 51, 52, 167, 194, 195, 197, 208
Caesarea, 84
Cairo, 49, 166, 173, 195, 241, 244, 277
Camel, Battle of the, 21
Charles the Hammer, 83
Chinese Muslims, 59
Christians, Christianity, 24, 47, 48, 125, 130-134, 137, 144, 147, 151, 181, 194
Companions; see _Sah_ibs
Code Napoleon, 114
Constantine in Algeria, 45
Crusaders, 49
_D_am_a_n, 354
Damascus, 14, 82, 88, 131, 175, 177
D_a_r al-_H_arb, 55
D_a_r al-Isl_a_m, 55
D_ar_u_r_i, 308
Darw_i_shes, 5, 61, 179, 182, 183, 203, 244, 266, 268
D_a_’u_d a_z-Za_hir_i, 103, 108-110
D_a_’_u_d ibn Nusayr, 174
Dauphine, Le, 83
Dawr, 323
Dhuh_u_l, 340
Dh_u_-l-faq_a_r, 20
[p. {prr. 376 }]
Dh_u_-l-Kifl, 346
Dh_u_-n-N_u_n, 176
Dh_u_-n-N_u_rayn, 313
D_i_n, 293, 297, 298, 305, 307
Diya, 355
Diy_a_na, 293
Eckert, the mystic, 180
Edict of the Praetor, 87
Egypt, Egyptians, 14, 21, 23, 30, 45-49, 53, 62, 82, 187, 244, 277, 287
Emessa, 163
Erigena, Scotus, 182
Euchites, 178
Euclid, 134
Euphrates, 133
Fakhr ad-D_i_n ar-R_a_z_i_, 241
Fakhr ad-D_i_n ibn ‘As_a_kir, 273
Fan_a_, 338
Faq_i_h, fuqah_a_, 73, 85, 270
Faq_i_rs, 268
Al-F_a_r_a_b_i_, 162-164, 165, 167, 169, 181, 196, 215, 221, 236, 250
Far_a_gh, 317
Far_d_, 73
Far_ida_, 354
Al-F_a_r_u_q, 313
Fa_ta_na, 347
F_a_tima, daughter of Mu_h_ammad, 20, 30, 36, 346, 347
F_a_tima of Nays_a_b_u_r, 173
F_at_imids, 27, 36, 45, 47, 49, 165-167, 169, 173, 184, 197, 224, 241, 244, 251
Fay’, 356
Bil-fi‘l; 328
F_i_ ma_h_all; see ma_h_all
Fiqh, 77, 87, 116, 132, 208, 209, 245, 252, 261, 270, 279, 282; cf. faq_i_h
Firdaws_i_, 170
St. Francis of Assisi, 180
Frederick II., the Hohenstaufen, 263
Al-Fu_d_ayl ibn ‘ly_ad_, 174, 175
Fus_tat_, 83
Galen, 134
Ghafala, 340
Al-Gh_a_n_i_, 327
Ghan_i_ma, 356
Gha_s_b, 354
Al-Ghazz_a_l_i_, 139, 165, 176, 183, 195, 199, 207, 215-241, 245-249, 253, 257, 260-264, 267, 270, 284-286, 300, 309
Gh_i_ba, 349
Ghusl, 352
Gond_e_sh_a_p_u_r, 134
Greek monks, 178
Greek philosophy, science, etc., 133, 138, 140, 144, 159, 161, 162
_H_ab_i_b, 175
_H_ad_i_th, 75, 77, 78, 87, 94, 121, 190, 209, 261, 270
_H_ad_i_th an-nafs, 273, 336, 350
_H_a_d_ramawt, 60
_H_afsids, 265
Ha’il, 60
_H_ajar as-saf_i_h, 354
Al-_Ha_kim Bi’amrillah, 47, 48
Al-H_akam ibn ab_i-l-‘As, 17
_Ha_l, 160, 176, 227, 310, 319, 322, 337
_Ha_l nafsi, 319
_H_al_a_l 298
[p. {prr. 377 }]
Halley’s comet, 84
Hamilton, Sir William, 237
_H_anbalites, 115, 121, 158, 167, 190, 191, 200, 207, 208, 212-214, 237, 273, 274, 278
_H_an_i_f, 125
_H_anifites, 115
_H_aqq, 356
Al-Ha_rith al-Mu_ha_sib_i, 175, 177, 187, 225
H_a_r_u_n ar-Rash_i_d, 50, 97, 98, 144, 153, 155, 175
_H_asad, 349
Al-H_asan al-Basr_i, 128, 129, 130, 172, 173
H_asan ibn a_s-Sabb_ah_, 224
_Ha_shim, 10, 17, 32, 313, 351
_H_aw_a_la, 354
H_aw_d, 249, 296, 306, 311, 349
_H_ay_a_h, 332
_H_ayy, 337
Al-_H_ayy, 211
Hebron, 226
Hesychasts, 178
Hiba, 354
_H_i_da_na, 355
Hidden Im_a_m, 31, 37, 41, 56, 116; cf. Im_a_m, Im_a_mites
Hierotheos, 181
Al-_H_ij_a_z, 212
Hippocrates, 134
H_u_d, 346
Hud_u_th, 320, 338; cf. _ha_dith, mu_h_dath
_H_ukm, 292
Hulul, 228
Huwa-l-_h_aqq, 203
I‘_a_ra, 354
Ib_a_dites, 5, 26, 54, 115, 117, 126
Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahh_a_b; see Mu_h_ammad Ibn ‘Abd al-Wahh_a_b
Ibn Ab_i_ ‘Awj_a_, 80
Ibn al-‘Arab_i_, 316, 322, 323, 328
Ibn ‘Arab_i_, 241, 261, 264, 271, 277, 280
Ibn ash-Shalmagh_a_n_i_, 185
Ibn B_a_jja, 250, 252, 255, 257
Ibn H_a_ni, 170
Ibn _H_azm, 209-212, 245-248, 261, 275, 280
Ibn Ib_ad_, ‘Abd All_a_h, 25, 26, 116
Ibn Karr_a_m, 170, ff.
Ibn Khald_u_n, 50, 81, 242, f.
Ibn Khallik_a_n, 185
Ibn M_a_ja, 81
Ibn al-Muqaffa‘, 150
Ibn Rushd, 161, 163, 195, 206, 215, 236, 248, 252, 255, 256-261, 264-286
Ibn Sab‘_i_n, ‘Abd al-_H_aqq, 263, 264, 267, 277
Ibn S_i_n_a_, 163, 171, 197, 221, 228, 236, 241, 250, 257
Ibn Taym_i_ya, 270-278, 283-285
Ibn T_u_mart., 207, 245-248, 252, 275
Ibr_a_h_i_m ibn Adham, 174, 268
Al-i_da_fatu-l-‘a_mm lil-kh_ass, 337
Al-i_da_fatu-l-bay_a_n_i_ya, 337
‘Idda, 355
Idr_i_s, 346
Idr_i_s ibn ‘Abd All_a_h, 35
I_hat_a, 332
[p. 378]
I_h_s_a_n, 293
I_h_tiy_a_j il_a_ ma_h_all, 339
I_h_y_a_, 338
I_h_y_a_ of al-Ghazzali, 285, 300
I_h_y_a_ al-maw_a_t, 354
Ij_a_ra, 354
I‘j_a_z, 151
Ijm_a_‘, 57, 58, 72, 94, 101, 105, 209, 292, 328, 351
Ijm_a_l_i_, 316
Ikhtil_a_f, 116
Ikhtiy_a_r, 192, 310, 339, 345
Ikhw_a_n a_s_-s_af_a, 167, 169, 194, 196, 199
Iktis_a_b, 280; cf. kasb
Iktis_a_b_i_, 309
Il_a_, 355
Ilh_a_d, 314
Ilj_a_m al-‘aw_a_mm‘an ‘ilm al-kal_a_m of al-Ghazz_a_l_i_, 260
‘Ilw_a_n, the Shaykh, 268
Im_a_m, 26, 29, 31, 36-38, 41-43, 46, 54, 57, 142, 155, 165, 167, 188, 197, 212, 224, 286, 292, 293, 297-299, 311, 313, 318, 350
Im_a_m al-_H_aramayn, 212, 213, 217, 230, 317
Im_a_mites, 37, 57, 59, 116, 126, 142, 247
Im_a_n, 126, 127, 292-296, 311, 312, 318, 350
Im_a_ta, 338
Imd_a_d_a_t, 330
Imti_h_an, 148; cf. mi_h_na
India, Emperor of, 55
Indian Mu‘tazilism, 286
Inj_i_l, 304
In sh_a_’ All_a_h, 272
Ir_a_da, 330
Al-‘Ir_a_q, 209
‘Ir_a_q, Arab, 44
Ir_da_, 355
Irj_a_, 292; cf. Murji’ites
‘_I_sa; see Jesus
Isl_a_m, 7, 13-15, 19-27, 37, 40-48, 52-55, 58, 59, 68, 71-74, 118-120, 124, 130, 136, 141, 142, 149, 151-154, 158-161, 167, 173, 176, 177, 180-183, 186, 190, 191, 206, 212-215, 218, 226, 228, 230, 231, 233, 235, 238-244, 248, 261, 262, 270, 278, 282-284, 292, 296, 312
Ism_a_‘_i_lians, 42, 44, 57, 59, 169,170, 196
Ispahan, 195
Istaw_a_, Istiw_a_, 186, 294, 301
Istidl_a_l_i_, 308
Isti_ta_‘a, 310
Istiw_a_; see Istaw_a_
I‘tazala ‘ann_a_, 130
Ithn_a_ ‘Ashar_i_ya, 38
I‘tib_a_r ikhtir_a_‘i, 342
I‘tib_a_r intiz_a_‘i, 342
I‘tid_a_l, 221
I‘tik_a_f, 353
‘Itq, 357
Ja‘_a_la, 354
Jacob, 350
Jadl_i_ya, 259
Al-Jafr, 249
[p. 379]
Jahannam, 308
Al-J_a_h_i_liya, the Barbarism, or the Ignorance, 8, 74, 77, 173
Jahl, 340
Jahm ibn _S_afw_a_n, 126, 138, 146, 150
Jal_a_l ad-D_i_n ar-R_u_m_i_, 267
J_a_mi‘, 80
Jarab_u_b, 62
Jawhar r_uh_an_i_, 231
Jerusalem, 14, 40, 42, 146, 226
Jesus, ‘I_s_a, 42, 146, 315, 345
Jews, 24, 47, 68, 70, 133, 134, 144, 194
Jin_a_ya, 355
Jinn, Jinn_i_, J_a_nn, 76, 281, 283, 286, 299, 304, 305, 324
John of Damascus, 89, 131, 132, 137, 146
Al-Jubb_a_‘i, 159, 160, 172, 188-190
Al-Junayd, 176, 177, 183, 187, 225, 282
Juththa, 384
Al-Juwayn_i_; see Im_a_m al-_H_aramayn
Kaf_a_la, 354
Kaf_i_r, 295, 316, 328, 350; cf. kufr, takf_i_r
“Kalila and Dimna,” 150
K_a_hin, 314
Kal_a_m, 147, 149, 151, 157, 175, 186, 188, 193, 200, 206, 208, 214, 216, 241, 242, 245, 276, 278, 286, 294, 309, 315, 335
Kal_a_m All_a_h, 146
Kal_a_m nafs_i_, _h_ad_i_th fi-n-nafs, 273, 336
Kalimat_a_-sh-shah_a_da, 300 Al-kalimat_a_n, 30
Kallima-ll_a_hu M_u_s_a_ takl_i_m_a_, 149
Kamm munfa_s_il, 325
Kamm mutta_s_il, 325
Al-Kar_a_b_i_s_i_, 187
Kar_a_ha, 339
Kar_a_ma, 174, 213, 228, 230, 274, 281, 282, 313
Karbala, 28
Karr_a_mites, 170, 191, 195, 291, 292
Kasb, 179, 192, 292; cf. iktis_a_b
Kashf, 120, 172, 179, 215, 269
Kashsh_a_f of az-Zamakhshar_i_, 195
Kawn, 309; cf. takwin
Kawn ‘_a_jiz, 340
Kawn j_a_hil, 340
Kawn k_a_rih, 340
Kawn mayyit, 340
Kawn mur_i_d, 337
Kawn q_a_dir, 336
Kayfa, 297
Khabar, 308
Khad_i_ja, 347
Khal_i_fa, Khalifate, 13-28, 38-38, 45, 47, 51-58, 297, 313; cf. al-Khulaf_a_
Khalq, 338
Khar_a_j, 15
Kh_a_rijites, 23-27, 32, 40, 44, 57, 59, 123-126, 131, 172, 212, 292, 294, 296
[p. 380]
Kha_t_ar_a_t, 331
Khi_ta_b_i_ya, 259
Khi_t_ba, 355
Khiy_a_na, 347
Khuffs, 298, 314, 347, 352, 355
Khul‘, 355
Al-Khulaf_a_-ar-r_a_shid_u_n, 22, 87, 99, 105, 114
Khu_t_ba, 56
Kibr, 349
Kidhb, 347
Kit_a_ba, 357
Kitm_a_n, 347
Kubr_a_ of as-San_u_s_i_, 316
Kufr, 157, 296, 311, 332, 349; of. takfir, k_a_fir
Lab_i_d, 149
Laqab, 347
Laq_it_, 354
L_a_ shay‘, 328
Al-law_h_ al-ma_h_f_u_z, 335
Laylatu-l-qadr, 335
Lebanon, 48
Li‘_a_n; 355
Lucretius, 200
Luq_t_a, 354
Lu_t_f, 292
Ma‘bad al-Ju_h_ani, 128
Al-Madina, 7, 8, 18, 35, 56, 67, 69-71, 72, 82, 87, 88, 99, 101, 102, 165, 213, 216, 226, 278, 284, 346
Madrasa, 229
Ma‘d_u_m, 159, 314, 319; cf. ‘adam
Maf_a_t_ih_ al-ghayb of ar-R_a_zi, 241
Magians, 144
‘Al-Maghrib, 243
Mahall (fi), 137
Al-Mahd_i_, 27, 34, 45, 62, 114, 244-249
Al-Mahd_i_, the ‘Abb_a_sid Khal_i_fa, 35, 134
M_a_h_i_ya, 309
Ma_h_m_u_d of Ghazna, 170, 195, 197
Mahr, 355
Maimonides, 237
Maj_a_z_i_, 329
Maj_u_j, 315
Makhl_u_q_a_t, 324
Malay Archipelago, 62
M_a_lik ibn Anas, 35, 78, 99-103, 106, 147, 186, 245, 346
M_a_likites, 115
Ma‘mar ibn ‘Abb_a_d, 143
Al-Ma’m_u_n, 50, 110, 140, 144, 154-159, 162, 166, 277
Mansel, H. L., 237
Al-Man_su_r, ‘Abbasid Kh., 33, 34, 50, 134, 153, 154
Maq_a_ma, 176
Al-Maq_as_id, 346
Maqb_u_l_a_t, 259
Mar’an, 314
Mar_i_ya the Copt, 347
Ma‘r_u_f of al-Karkh, 175
Marw_a_n II., 32
Marw_a_n ibn al-_H_akam, 17
Mas_a_b_i_h as-sunna of at-Baghaw_i_, 81
Mashh_u_r_a_t, 259
Mashya, 294
[p. 381]
Ma_s_la_h_a, 101
Masy_a_f, 49
Al-M_a_tar_i_d_i_, 187, 193, 207, 308
M_a_tar_i_dites, 200, 207, 337, 338
Maw_a_qif of al ‘I_j_i, 241
Mawj_u_b, 347; cf. w_a_jib
Mawj_u_d, 159, 191, 314, 319; cf. wuj_u_d
Mawlawite darw_i_shes, 267
Maw_s_il, 267
Mawt, 340
Maym_u_n, 40
Mazn_u_n_a_t, 259
Mecca, 9, 17, 23, 25, 32, 46, 56, 62, 68, 174, 184, 213, 217, 226, 265, 285, 296, 346
Merv, 217
Mesnev_i_, The, 267
Mesopotamia, 23, 44, 82, 131, 187
Minister of Justice, 114
Monophysites, 181
Moses, 42, 149, 192, 295, 296, 304, 336, 345
Mubtadi‘, 307; cf. bid‘a
Muft_i_, 115; cf. fatw_a_
Mu_h_ammad, the Prophet, 7-13, 16-22, 28, 30, 35, 37, 42-45, 56, 57, 58, 67-75, 83, 86-89, 95, 104-106, 112, 120-133, 140-150, 155, 160, 161, 164, 165, 171, 172, 175-180, 188, 210, 227-231, 243, 245, 249, 253, 254, 263, 270, 275-278, 284, 285, 292-294, 298, 305, 308, 312, 335, 336, 345, 346, 349, 350, 351
Mu_h_ammad II, Ottoman Sul_ta_n, 113
Mu_h_ammad al-‘All_a_f; see Ab_u_ Hudhayl
Mu_h_ammad al-Muntazar, 187
Mu_h_ammad an-Naqshband_i_, 267
Mu_h_ammad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahh_a_b, 60, 283
Mu_h_ammad ibn Ab_i_ Bakr, 18
Mu_h_ammad ibn al-_H_anaf_i_ya, 29, 31
Mu_h_ammad ibn al-_H_asan, 38, 96, 102
Mu_h_ammad ibn ‘Al_i_ as-San_u_s_i_; see as-San_u_s_i_
Mu_h_ammad ibn Ism_a_‘_i_l, 42, 43, 45
Mu_h_arram, 347
Al-Mu_ha_sib_i_; see Al-_Ha_rith
Mu_h_dath, 309; cf. _ha_dith, _h_ud_u_th
Mu_h_san, 355
Mu_h_y_i_ ad-D_i_n ibn ‘Arab_i_; see Ibn ‘Arab_i_
Al-Mu‘izz, F_at_imid Khal_i_fa, 170
Mujassim, 191, 291; cf. jism, tajs_i_m
M_u_jid, 325
Mujtahid, 38, 116, 275, 287, 315
Mujtahid_u_n bil-fatw_a_, 113
Mujtahid_u_n fi-l-madh_a_hib, 113
Mujtahid_u_n mu_t_laq, 112
Mukallaf, 280, 317, 318, 321, 323, 342, 345; cf. takl_i_f
Muk_a_shafa, 227
Mukh_a_bara, 354
Mukh_a_lafa lil-_h_aw_a_dith, 205, 210, 232, 280,324
Mukha_ss_is, 325
Mum_a_thala 338
Mumkin_a_t, 330
Munazzah, 324
[p. 382]
Muntazar, 313; see, too, Mu_h_ammad al-Muntazar
Muqallad, 316, 350; cf. taql_i_d
Al-Muqanna‘, 30
Munqidh min a_d_-d_al_a_l of al-Ghazz_a_l_i, 216, 225, 239
Muqarrab, 306
Al-Muqtadir, ‘Abb_a_sid Kh., 184
Murji’ites, 122-127, 129, 131, 132, 171, 193, 214, 292
M_u_s_a_, see Moses
M_u_s_a_ al-Qazam, 42
Mus_a_q_a_t, 354
Musallam_a_t, 259
Musannaf, 79
Musaylima, 150
Mushabbih, 191; cf. bil_a_ kayfa
Mush_a_hada, 327
Mushrik, 284, 299; cf. shirk, sharik
Muslim, 80
Al-Mus_t_af_a_, 300
Musta_h_abb, 73
Musta_hi_l, 316
Mustan_s_ir, F_at_imid Kh., 170
Mutakallims, 147, 186, 193-196, 215, 231, 262, 276, 337
Al-Mu‘ta_s_im, ‘Abb_a_sid Kh., 157, 158, 162, 163
Mutaq_a_bil_a_t, 330
Al-Mutawakkil, ‘Abb_a_sid Kh., 157, 162
Mutaw_a_tir, 308
Mu‘tazilites, 37, 57, 120, 130, 135-138, 140, 143-146, 151-159, 166, 168, 171, 172, 175, 176, 184-196, 200, 207, 208, 211-214, 220-226, 241, 248, 291-294, 298, 299, 311, 336, 337, 343, 344
Muwa_hh_ids, 179, 207, 246-257, 261-265, 284, 296, 307 .
Muwa_tt_a’ of M_a_lik ibn Anas, 78, 82, 101, 102
Al-Muzd_a_r, 151
Nabateans, 44
Nab_i_dh, 314
Nadhr, 356
Nafaqa, 355
Naf_i_sa, The Lady, 173
Naj_a_s_a_t, 352
Najd, 60
Najj_a_rites, 292
Naq_i_b, 268
Naql, 120, 148, 157, 214, 269, 297, 310
Naqshbandite darw_i_shes, 267
Narbonne, 83
An-Nasaf_i_, 193, 207, 277, 308
N_as_ir ibn Khusraw, 170
An-N_as_ir, Maml_u_k Sul_ta_n, 277
An-Na_s_r al-Manb_i_j_i_, 277
Na_z_r, 208
Neo-Platonism, 163, 164, 168,180, 181, 196, 232, 235, 236, 253, 255, 264, 272
Nik_ah_, 354
Nisba, 337
Ni_za_m al-Mulk, 213, 217, 218
Nu_s_ayrites, 59
Old Man of the Mountain, Shaykh al-jabal, 49
Ottoman Sul_ta_n, 10, 56, 58, 59
Ottoman Turks, 36, 52, 53, 54, 60
[p. 383]
Pan-Islamic movement, 59
Parsees, 194
People of Paradise, 139
Persia, Persian, 14, 23, 31, 36-41, 44, 49, 50, 51, 82, 131-134, 150, 155, 157, 184
Persian Gulf, 60
Persian mysticism, 5
Plotinus, Plotinian, 163-165, 182, 231, 256, 269, 280
Porphyrius, 163
Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite, 181, 182
Ptolemaic system, 233
Ptolemy, 134
Qadar, 128, 135-137, 242, 291, 293, 295, 342
Qadarites, 122, 127-132, 135, 137, 140, 292, 344
Al-Q_a_dir, ‘Abbasid Kh., 193-195
Q_a_dir, 319
Q_a_dirite darwishes, 267, 269
Q_a_n_u_ns, 114
Qarma_t_ians, 44, 46, 170,184, 188
Qasm, 356
Qatt_a_t, 350
Qawl, 296
Qidam, 322
Qir_ad_, 354
Qi_sas_, 355
Al-Qiy_a_ma, 349; cf. Yawm
Qiy_a_m bin-nafs, 325
Qiy_as_, 87, 94, 209, 247, 347
Qub_da_, 329
Qudra, 192, 234, 294, 310, 319, 322, 328, 344
Al-Qudra al-azal_i_ya, 234
Qur’_a_n, 24, 42, 62, 69-71, 76, 77, 85, 94-96, 99, 103-106, 109, 117, 121, 128-130, 135, 138-141, 145-152, 155-158, 161-163, 171, 178, 188, 190, 195-198, 206, 209, 210, 231, 235, 238, 241, 245-249, 252, 253, 257-259, 263, 271, 272-275, 282-284, 295, 297, 303, 304, 310, 335, 345, 346
Al-Qushayr_i_, 213
Q_u_wa, 328
Rabelais, 199
R_a_bi‘a, 173
R_a_fi_d_ites, 212
Rahn, 354
Ar-R_a_shid, the Muwa_hh_id, 263, 264
Ras_a_‘il ikhw_a_n a_s_-s_af_a, 168
Razq, 338
Red Sea, 60
Responsa prudentium, 85
Ri_da_, 310
Rif_a_‘ite darw_i_shes, 267, 268
Ris_a_la, 292
Ris_a_la of al-Qushayr_i_, 213
Ritschl, 238
Rukh_s_a, 283
Sab_i_l All_a_h, 18
Sab‘_i_nite darw_i_shes, 267
Sab‘_i_ya, 42
Sa‘da, 36
[p. 384]
Sa‘d ad-D_i_n; see at-Taft_a_z_a_n_i_
_S_afawids, 38
As-Saff_ah_, ‘Abb_a_sid Kh., 32
Sahara, 62
_Sah_iba, 294
_Sah_ibs, 9, 16, 19, 71, 72, 75, 79, 88, 101, 105, 147, 180, 275, 276, 282, 283, 293, 297, 307, 314, 346
S_a_h_ifa of al-Bukh_a_r_i, 35, 79-81
Sa_hih_ of Muslim, 80, ff.
Sa‘_i_d ibn A_h_mad ibn ‘Abd All_a_h, 45
Sa’i_h_s, 172
Saladin; see Sal_ah_ ad-D_i_n
S_al_ah, 292, 343; cf. Asla_h_
Salam, 353
Salam_a_n, 253, f.
Salam_i_ya, 44
Sal_a_t, Salaw_a_t, 178, 292, 293, 352
Sali_h_, the prophet, 346
Sal_i_m, Ottoman Sul_ta_n, 56
Salj_u_qs, 207
Sal_uhi_ qad_i_m, 328
Sam_a_’ ad-Dunya, 297
Samam, 340
S_a_m_a_nids, 36
_S_an‘a, 36
As-San_u_s_i_, Mu_h_ammad ibn ‘Al_i_, 61, 120, 244, 269, 273, 284
As-San_u_s_i_, Mu_h_ammad ibn Y_u_suf, 315-318, 322, 323, 328, 334, 341, 347
Sar_i_ as-Saqa_ti_, 175-177, 268
Satan, 298, 299; cf. shay_ta_n
_S_awm, 292; cf. _S_iy_a_m
Sayf ad-Dawla, the Hamd_a_nid, 162, 165
Semites, Semitic, 5, 51, 125, 126, 182
Sergius, father of John of Damascus, 131
Seth, 43
Sh_a_dhilite darw_i_shes, 267
Shah_a_da, 356
Shaf_a_‘a, 174, 296, 307, 311, 349
Ash-Sh_a_f_i_‘i, 67, 103-111, 173,187
Sh_a_hs of Persia, 38
Shakk, 332
Shar‘, 345
Ash-Sha‘r_a_n_i_, 279, 281, 283, 285
Ash-Sh_a_hrast_a_n_i_, 213, 224, 291, 293
Shar_i_‘a, 282
Shar_if_s of Morocco, 35, 59, 247
Shar_i_k, 300, 321, 326; cf. shirk, mushrik
Shaykh, 177
Shaykh al-Isl_a_m, 113
Shaykh ‘_I_lw_a_n, 268
Shay_ta_ns, 304
Shem, 43
Shih_a_b ad-D_i_n as-Suhraward_i_, 241
Sh_i_‘ites, Sh_i_‘a, 5, 13, 19, 26-36, 39-41, 48, 51, 52, 56, 59, 115, 116, 121, 123, 131, 159, 165, 184, 185, 193-195, 212, 247, 249, 292, 298
Shirk, 123, 127; cf. shar_i_k, mushrik
Shirka, 354
Shu‘ayb, 346
Shuf‘a, 354
A_s_-_S_idd_i_q, 313
_S_idq, 347
_S_ifa nafs_i_ya, 319
_S_ifat adh-dh_a_t, 291
_S_ifat al-ma‘a_n_i, 337
[p. 385]
_S_if_a_t ‘aql_i_ya, 190
_S_if_a_t at-ta’th_i_r, 333
_S_if_a_t ma‘naw_i_ya, 337
_S_if_a_t salab_i_ya, 328
Sijist_a_n, 171
A_s_-S_ir_at, 296, 306, 311, 349
_S_iy_a_m, 353
Solomon, 286
Spain, 33, 82, 132, 194, 209, 246
Spanish Islam, 132
Stephen bar Sudaili, 181
Stewart (Balfour) and Tait, 235
Lord Stratford de Redcliffe, 48
_S__u_f, 130
S__u_f_i, _S__u_f_i_ism, 130, 172, 173, 176-178, 185, 213, 216-219, 222, 225-229, 232, 235, 236, 239, 248, 250, 252, 253, 261, 262, 264, 267, 268, 274, 276-278, 282, 284, 309
S_u_fis_t_iq_i_ya, 308
_Su_f_i_ya, 173
S_ughr_a of as-San_u_s_i_, 341
As-Suhraward_i_; see Shih_a_b ad-D_i_n
Sulaym_a_n the Great, 54
S_ul_h, 354
Sunna, 74, 75, 88,190, 282, 293, 297, 298, 307, 345
Sunnites, 19, 35, 38, 51, 52, 59, 116, 194, 247, 298
_Su_ra, 232
Suso, the mystic, 180
Syria, 21-23, 28, 45, 46, 49, 50, 82, 84, 98, 131, 226
Ta‘addud, 339
Ta‘allaqa, 328
Ta‘alluqu-l-qab_d_ati, 329
Tabarist_a_n, 36
Tabi‘_i_y_u_n, 161, 221, 293, 346
Tabl_i_gh, 347
Tabor, Mount, 178
Tadb_i_r, 357
Ta_d_l_i_l, 292
Taf_si_l_i_, 316
At-Taft_aza_n_i_, 242, 269, 308, 318, 345, 346
Tah_a_fut of al-Ghazz_a_l_i_, 229, 237, 240, 257, 286
_T_ah_a_ra, 351
Ta_h_l_i_l, 276
Ta_h_s_i_n, 292
Takallam, 147
Takf_i_r, 292
_T_al_a_q, 355
Ta‘l_i_l, 339
Ta‘l_i_m, 197
Ta‘l_i_mites, 197, 219, 224, 228
Tanj_i_z_i_, 328
Taqb_ih_, 292
Taq_i_ya, 126
Taql_i_d, 209, 217, 246, 261, 270, 286, 316, 318, 323, 350
_T_ar_i_qa, 282
Tawakkul, 179, f.
Taw_hi_d, 156, 175, 176, 246, 291, 300, 315, 349; cf. muwa_hh_id
Ta‘w_i_l, 246
Tawl_i_d, 142
Tawr_a_t, 303
Tayammum, 352
Theodorus Abucara, 132
The Thousand and One Nights, 97, 286
Thum_a_ma ibn Ashras, 144
At-Tirmidh_i_, 81
Toledo, 82
[p. 386]
Tours, 82, f.
Tripolis, 62
_Tu_f_a_n, 329, f.
Turkish mysticism, 5
The Twelve Tables, 85
‘Ubayd All_a_h al-Mahdi, 45, 46, 244
U_dh_iya, 356
Ul_u_h_i_ya, 326
Ul_u_-l-‘azm, 345
‘Umar ibn ‘Abd al-‘Az_i_z, Umayyad Kh., 104
‘Umar ibn al-Kha_tt_ab, 2nd Kh., 13-19, 23, 24, 36, 44, 56, 86, 93, 165, 275, 297, 307, 313, 346
‘Umar ibn al-F_a_ri_d_, 266
Umayyads, 9, 17-19, 22, 25, 27, 32, 33, 53, 77, 78, 88-93, 104, 123, 131, 133, 153, 209
Umayyads of Cordova, 45
Umm walad, 357
‘Uthm_a_n ibn ‘Aff_a_n, 3rd Kh., 17-22, 25, 36, 71, 297, 307, 313, 346
Vincent of Lerins, 101
Volubilis, 35
Wa‘d, 292
Wad_i_‘a, 354
Wa_h_d_a_n_i_ya, 325
Al-Wahhab, 211
Wahh_a_bites, 60-62,109, 113, 115, 120, 273, 278, 279, 283-285
Al-W_a_hib, 211
Wahy, 281
Wa‘_i_d, Wa‘_i_dites, 129, 292
Wak_a_la, 354
Wal_a_, 357
Wal_i_, 139, 173, 263, 267, 268, 274, 275, 281-28 .5, 313, 326
Wal_i_ma, 355
Wal_i_ya, 173
Waqf, 354
W_a_rith, 354
W_a_sil ibn ‘At_a_, 37, 129, 135, 136 . 150
Wa_si_ya, 354
Wa_si_ya of Ibn S_i_na, 198, 228
Al-W_a_thiq, ‘Abb_a_sid Kh., 157
Wuj_u_d, 159, 191, 316-319, 352
Wu_su_l, 228
Yaj_u_j, 315
Yam_i_n, 356
Ya‘q_u_b; see Jacob
Yathrib, 67
Yehuda Halevi, 237
Zabbur, 304
Zab_i_d in Tih_a_ma, 285
Z_a_hida, 173
_Za_hir, 314
_Za_hirites, 110, 112, 208, 209, 247, 249, 252, 261, 264, 287
_Za_hr, 42
Az-Zamakhshar_i_, 195
Zann, 332
Zaydites, 36, 37, 46, 57, 59, 116, 188
Zih_a_r, 355
Zin_a_, 355
Zind_i_qs, 134
Az-Zuhr_i_, 91