Increased ionization of the upper atmosphere causes compass variation, which is greater during sunspot cycles. [1] Heat in the stratosphere ionizes oxygen, creating the realm of constant temperature within the forty-mile ascent. [2] Sunspots' ionizing influence produces aural displays in the atmosphere. [3] Ionization occurs when atoms lose their outer electrons through various means such as electrical, thermal, X-ray activities, or solvents. [4]