Shang-ti, the Taoist God of Heaven, was the focal point of Singlangton's teachings, leading the Chinese people towards a monotheistic belief in the Spirit of Heaven. [1]
The dissemination of knowledge through developments in writing and schools was hindered by the cumbersome ideographic writing system, leading to a numerical limit on the learned classes, yet vestiges of a real concept of God were preserved in the imperial worship of Shang-ti. [2]