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| Kapitel 184. Foran Det Jødiske Råds Domstol |
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Kapitel 186. Kort Før Korsfæstelsen |
THE TRIAL BEFORE PILATE
RETTERGANGEN FORAN PILATUS
1955 185:0.1 SHORTLY after six o’clock on this Friday morning, April 7, A.D. 30, Jesus was brought before Pilate, the Roman procurator who governed Judea, Samaria, and Idumea under the immediate supervision of the legatus of Syria. The Master was taken into the presence of the Roman governor by the temple guards, bound, and was accompanied by about fifty of his accusers, including the Sanhedrist court (principally Sadduceans), Judas Iscariot, and the high priest, Caiaphas, and by the Apostle John. Annas did not appear before Pilate.
2015 185:0.1 STRAKS efter klokken seks fredag morgen, den 7. april 30 e.Kr. blev Jesus indbragt for Pilatus, den romerske statholder, som var under umiddelbart opsyn af den syriske legat som regerede Judæa, Samaria og Idumæa. Tempelvagterne førte Mesteren foran den romerske guvernør bagbunden og ledsaget af omkring halvtreds af hans anklagere, heriblandt det jødiske råds domstols medlemmer (primært saddukæerne), Judas Iskariot, og ypperstepræsten Kajfas og apostlen Johannes. Hannas befandt sig ikke hos Pilatus.
1955 185:0.2 Pilate was up and ready to receive this group of early morning callers, having been informed by those who had secured his consent, the previous evening, to employ the Roman soldiers in arresting the Son of Man, that Jesus would be early brought before him. This trial was arranged to take place in front of the praetorium, an addition to the fortress of Antonia, where Pilate and his wife made their headquarters when stopping in Jerusalem.
2015 185:0.2 Pilatus var oppe og klar til at modtage denne gruppe i de tidlige morgentimer, for dem, der den foregående aften havde formået at få hans samtykke til at bruge romerske soldater til at arrestere Menneskesønnen, havde meddelt ham, at Jesus ville blive ført frem for ham i de tidlige morgentimer. Denne rettergang var arrangeret således, at den ville finde sted foran pretoriet, en tilføjelse til fæstningen Antonia, hvor Pilatus og hans kone boede når de besøgte Jerusalem.
1955 185:0.3 Though Pilate conducted much of Jesus’ examination within the praetorium halls, the public trial was held outside on the steps leading up to the main entrance. This was a concession to the Jews, who refused to enter any gentile building where leaven might be used on this day of preparation for the Passover. Such conduct would not only render them ceremonially unclean and thereby debar them from partaking of the afternoon feast of thanksgiving but would also necessitate their subjection to purification ceremonies after sundown, before they would be eligible to partake of the Passover supper.
2015 185:0.3 Selvom Pilatus forrettede en stor del af forhøret af Jesus inde i pretoriets yderrum, blev den offentlig retssag afholdt udenfor på trappen, der førte op til hovedindgangen[1]. Det var en indrømmelse til de jøder, som nægtede at gå ind i en hvilken som helst ikke-jødisk bygning, hvor surdej kunne tænkes anvendt på denne påske forberedelsesdag. Hvis de gjorde, ville det ikke kun gøre dem ceremonielle urene og dermed forhindre dem i at deltage i eftermiddagens taksigelsesfest, men også gøre det nødvendigt for dem at gennemgå rensningsceremonier efter solnedgang for at være berettigede til at deltage i påskens aftensmåltid.
1955 185:0.4 Although these Jews were not at all bothered in conscience as they intrigued to effect the judicial murder of Jesus, they were nonetheless scrupulous regarding all these matters of ceremonial cleanness and traditional regularity. And these Jews have not been the only ones to fail in the recognition of high and holy obligations of a divine nature while giving meticulous attention to things of trifling importance to human welfare in both time and eternity.
2015 185:0.4 Selv om disse jøder slet ikke var bekymret i samvittigheden, da de intrigerende gennemførte det retslige mord på Jesus, var de dog meget samvittighedsfulde i alle disse tilfælde relateret til ceremoniel renlighed og traditionel regelmæssighed. Disse jøder er ikke de eneste, som har forsømt at anerkende høje og hellige forpligtelser af guddommelig natur, samtidig som de har givet minutiøs opmærksomhed på ting, både i tid og evighed som er af ringe betydning for menneskers velfærd.
1. PONTIUS PILATE
1. PONTIUS PILATUS
1955 185:1.1 If Pontius Pilate had not been a reasonably good governor of the minor provinces, Tiberius would hardly have suffered him to remain as procurator of Judea for ten years. Although he was a fairly good administrator, he was a moral coward. He was not a big enough man to comprehend the nature of his task as governor of the Jews. He failed to grasp the fact that these Hebrews had a real religion, a faith for which they were willing to die, and that millions upon millions of them, scattered here and there throughout the empire, looked to Jerusalem as the shrine of their faith and held the Sanhedrin in respect as the highest tribunal on earth.
2015 185:1.1 Hvis Pontius Pilatus ikke havde været en rimelig god guvernør af de mindre provinser, ville Tiberius næppe have tolereret ti år med at have ham som statholder i Judæa. Selv om han var en rimelig god administrator, var han en moralsk kujon. Han var ikke stor nok som menneske til at forstå karakteren af hans opgave som jødernes guvernør. Han var ikke i stand til at forstå, at disse hebræer havde en virkelig religion, en tro, som de var villige til at dø for, og at millioner og atter millioner af dem, spredt ud over hele imperiet, så på Jerusalem som en helligdom for deres tro og respekterede jødernes råd som den højeste domstol på jorden.
1955 185:1.2 Pilate did not love the Jews, and this deep-seated hatred early began to manifest itself. Of all the Roman provinces, none was more difficult to govern than Judea. Pilate never really understood the problems involved in the management of the Jews and, therefore, very early in his experience as governor, made a series of almost fatal and well-nigh suicidal blunders. And it was these blunders that gave the Jews such power over him. When they wanted to influence his decisions, all they had to do was to threaten an uprising, and Pilate would speedily capitulate. And this apparent vacillation, or lack of moral courage, of the procurator was chiefly due to the memory of a number of controversies he had had with the Jews and because in each instance they had worsted him. The Jews knew that Pilate was afraid of them, that he feared for his position before Tiberius, and they employed this knowledge to the great disadvantage of the governor on numerous occasions.
2015 185:1.2 Pilatus elskede ikke jøderne, og denne dybtliggende fjendtlighed begyndte tidligt at manifestere sig. Blandt alle de romerske provinser var ingen sværere at regere end Judæa. Pilatus forstod aldrig rigtig de problemer som var involveret i forvaltningen af jøderne, og derfor gjorde han allerede tidligt i sin tid som guvernør en serie af næsten fatale og så godt som selvmorderiske brølere. Det var disse fejl, der gav jøderne en sådan magt over ham. Når de ønskede at påvirke hans beslutninger, alt hvad de skulle gøre, var at true med en opstand og Pilatus ville hurtigt kapitulere. Denne tilsyneladende vaklen eller mangel på moralsk mod, hos prokuratoren var primært fordi han huskede mange kontroverser med jøderne, og at de hver gang havde besejret ham. Jøderne vidste, at Pilatus var bange for dem, at han frygtede for sin stilling foran Tiberius, og de udnyttede de mange muligheder af denne viden til stor ulempe for guvernøren.
1955 185:1.3 Pilate’s disfavor with the Jews came about as a result of a number of unfortunate encounters. First, he failed to take seriously their deep-seated prejudice against all images as symbols of idol worship. Therefore he permitted his soldiers to enter Jerusalem without removing the images of Caesar from their banners, as had been the practice of the Roman soldiers under his predecessor. A large deputation of Jews waited upon Pilate for five days, imploring him to have these images removed from the military standards. He flatly refused to grant their petition and threatened them with instant death. Pilate, himself being a skeptic, did not understand that men of strong religious feelings will not hesitate to die for their religious convictions; and therefore was he dismayed when these Jews drew themselves up defiantly before his palace, bowed their faces to the ground, and sent word that they were ready to die. Pilate then realized that he had made a threat which he was unwilling to carry out. He surrendered, ordered the images removed from the standards of his soldiers in Jerusalem, and found himself from that day on to a large extent subject to the whims of the Jewish leaders, who had in this way discovered his weakness in making threats which he feared to execute.
2015 185:1.3 Pilatus misbilligelse blandt jøderne opstod som et resultat af en række uheldige møder. Først havde han ikke tager alvorligt deres dybtliggende fordomme mod alle former for billeder, som de så som symboler på afgudsdyrkelse. Derfor lod han sine soldater marcherer ind i Jerusalem uden at fjerne kejserens billede fra deres banner, hvilket havde været skik af de romerske soldater under hans forgænger. En stor deputation af jøder ventede på Pilatus i fem dage, og opfordrede ham til at få disse billeder fjernet fra de militære bannere. Han nægtede bestemt at acceptere deres anmodning og truede med øjeblikkeligt at dræbe dem. Pilatus, selv en skeptiker, forstod ikke, at folk med stærke religiøse følelser ikke vil tøve med at dø for deres religiøse overbevisning. Han blev derfor alarmeret da disse jøder udfordrende stillede sig op foran hans palads, bøjede deres hoveder til jorden, og sendte bud, at de var klar til at dø. Pilatus indså, at han havde udslynget en trussel, som han var uvillig til at gøre alvor af. Han gav efter, beordrede, at billederne blev fjernet fra soldaternes banner i Jerusalem, og fandt sig selv fra den dag stort set underlagt de jødiske lederes luner som således havde opdaget hans svaghed i at udtale trusler, som han frygtede at udføre
1955 185:1.4 Pilate subsequently determined to regain this lost prestige and accordingly had the shields of the emperor, such as were commonly used in Caesar worship, put up on the walls of Herod’s palace in Jerusalem. When the Jews protested, he was adamant. When he refused to listen to their protests, they promptly appealed to Rome, and the emperor as promptly ordered the offending shields removed. And then was Pilate held in even lower esteem than before.
2015 185:1.4 Senere besluttede Pilatus at genvinde sin tabte prestige og havde derfor opsat kejserlige skjolde, såsom almindeligt blev anvendt ved kejser tilbedelse, på murene ved Herodes palads i Jerusalem. Da jøderne protesterede, var han ubøjelig. Da han nægtede at lytte til deres protester, appellerede de straks til Rom, og kejseren beordret straks de ulovlige skjolde fjernet. Efter det var respekten for Pilatus endnu lavere end før.
1955 185:1.5 Another thing which brought him into great disfavor with the Jews was that he dared to take money from the temple treasury to pay for the construction of a new aqueduct to provide increased water supply for the millions of visitors to Jerusalem at the times of the great religious feasts. The Jews held that only the Sanhedrin could disburse the temple funds, and they never ceased to inveigh against Pilate for this presumptuous ruling. No less than a score of riots and much bloodshed resulted from this decision. The last of these serious outbreaks had to do with the slaughter of a large company of Galileans even as they worshiped at the altar.
2015 185:1.5 En anden ting, der bragte ham i stor unåde hos jøderne var, da han vovede at tage penge fra tempelkassen til at betale for opførelsen af en ny akvædukt afset til at øge udbuddet af vand til de millioner af besøgende, som kom til Jerusalem for de store religiøse fester. Jøderne fastholdt, at det kun var jødernes råd som kunne beslutte om tempelmidlernes anvendelse, og de ophørte aldrig med bittert at bebrejde Pilatus for hans formastelige afgørelse. Ikke mindre end en snes optøjer og megen blodsudgydelse blev følgen af denne beslutning. Den sidste af disse alvorlige udbrud havde at gøre med slagtningen af et stort selskab af galilæere mens de praktiserede deres andagt ved alteret.
1955 185:1.6 It is significant that, while this vacillating Roman ruler sacrificed Jesus to his fear of the Jews and to safeguard his personal position, he finally was deposed as a result of the needless slaughter of Samaritans in connection with the pretensions of a false Messiah who led troops to Mount Gerizim, where he claimed the temple vessels were buried; and fierce riots broke out when he failed to reveal the hiding place of the sacred vessels, as he had promised. As a result of this episode, the legatus of Syria ordered Pilate to Rome. Tiberius died while Pilate was on the way to Rome, and he was not reappointed as procurator of Judea. He never fully recovered from the regretful condemnation of having consented to the crucifixion of Jesus. Finding no favor in the eyes of the new emperor, he retired to the province of Lausanne, where he subsequently committed suicide.
2015 185:1.6 Det er bemærkelsesværdigt, at mens denne vaklende romerske hersker ofrede Jesus på grund af hans frygt for jøderne og for at beskytte sin personlige stilling, blev han endelig afsat som følge af den unødvendige slagtning af samaritanere i en situation, hvor en falsk Messias med sine ubegrundede påstande førte tropper til Gerizimbjerget, hvor han hævdede tempelkarrene fandtes begravet. Voldelige optøjer brød ud, da han ikke kunne eller ville afsløre skjulestedet af de hellige kar, som han havde lovet. Som et resultat af denne hændelse befalede den syriske legat Pilatus at begive sig til Rom. Tiberius døde, mens Pilatus var på vej til Rom, og han fik ikke fornyet ansættelse som statholder i Judæa. Han kom sig aldrig helt fra den triste dom over at have givet samtykke til korsfæstelsen af Jesus. Da han ikke fandt nogen velvilje hos den nye kejser, trak han sig tilbage til provinsen Lausanne, hvor han efterfølgende begik selvmord.
1955 185:1.7 Claudia Procula, Pilate’s wife, had heard much of Jesus through the word of her maid-in-waiting, who was a Phoenician believer in the gospel of the kingdom. After the death of Pilate, Claudia became prominently identified with the spread of the good news.
2015 185:1.7 Claudia Procula, Pilatus hustru, havde hørt meget om Jesus af hendes tjenestepige, som var føniker og troede på rigets evangelium. Efter Pilatus død, indtog Claudia en fremtrædende plads i udbredelsen af det gode budskab.
1955 185:1.8 And all this explains much that transpired on this tragic Friday forenoon. It is easy to understand why the Jews presumed to dictate to Pilate—to get him up at six o’clock to try Jesus—and also why they did not hesitate to threaten to charge him with treason before the emperor if he dared to refuse their demands for Jesus’ death.
2015 185:1.8 Alt dette forklarer meget af det, der skete denne tragiske fredag morgen. Det er let at forstå, hvorfor jøderne vovede at befale Pilatus - for at få ham op klokken seks for at afhøre Jesus - og også hvorfor de ikke tøver med at true med at anklage ham for kejseren for forræderi, hvis han vovede at nægte deres krav om Jesu død.
1955 185:1.9 A worthy Roman governor who had not become disadvantageously involved with the rulers of the Jews would never have permitted these bloodthirsty religious fanatics to bring about the death of a man whom he himself had declared to be innocent of their false charges and without fault. Rome made a great blunder, a far-reaching error in earthly affairs, when she sent the second-rate Pilate to govern Palestine. Tiberius had better have sent to the Jews the best provincial administrator in the empire.
2015 185:1.9 En værdig romersk guvernør, der ikke på ufordelagtig vis var involveret med jødernes herskere ville aldrig have tilladt disse blodtørstige religiøse fanatikere til at forårsage en mands død, en mand som han selv havde erklæret uskyldig i deres falske anklager og uden skyld. Rom gjorte en stor bommert, en fejl med vidtrækkende konsekvenser i jordiske anliggender, da man sendte denne andenrangs Pilatus til at regere Palæstina. Tiberius burde hellere have sendt imperiets bedste provinsielle administrator til jøderne.
2. JESUS APPEARS BEFORE PILATE
2. JESUS FORAN PILATUS
1955 185:2.1 When Jesus and his accusers had gathered in front of Pilate’s judgment hall, the Roman governor came out and, addressing the company assembled, asked, “What accusation do you bring against this fellow?” The Sadducees and councilors who had taken it upon themselves to put Jesus out of the way had determined to go before Pilate and ask for confirmation of the death sentence pronounced upon Jesus, without volunteering any definite charge. Therefore did the spokesman for the Sanhedrist court answer Pilate: “If this man were not an evildoer, we should not have delivered him up to you.”
2015 185:2.1 Da Jesus og hans anklagere havde samlet sig foran Pilatus domssal kom den romerske guvernør ud, vendte sig til det samlede selskab, og spurgte: ”Hvad anklager fremfører I mod denne mand?” Saddukæerne og rådsmedlemmerne, der havde taget det på sig at gøre op med Jesus, havde besluttet at gå foran Pilatus for at få dødsdommen over Jesu bekræftet uden frivilligt at udtrykke noget bestemt anklage[2]. Derfor svarede talsmanden for rådets domstol Pilatus: ”Hvis denne mand ikke var en forbryder, ville vi ikke have bragt ham til dig.”
1955 185:2.2 When Pilate observed that they were reluctant to state their charges against Jesus, although he knew they had been all night engaged in deliberations regarding his guilt, he answered them: “Since you have not agreed on any definite charges, why do you not take this man and pass judgment on him in accordance with your own laws?”
2015 185:2.2 Da Pilatus så, at de var tilbageholdende med at oplyse deres anklager mod Jesus, selv om han vidste, at de hele natten havde været involveret i drøftelser om hans skyld, svarede han dem: ”Da I ikke er blevet enige om nogen bestemte anklager, hvorfor tager I så ikke manden og dømmer ham efter jeres egne love?”[3]
1955 185:2.4 To come before the Roman governor with this attempt at evasion discloses both the ill-will and the ill-humor of the Sanhedrists toward Jesus as well as their lack of respect for the fairness, honor, and dignity of Pilate. What effrontery for these subject citizens to appear before their provincial governor asking for a decree of execution against a man before affording him a fair trial and without even preferring definite criminal charges against him!
2015 185:2.4 At domstolens rådsmedlemmer kom foran Pilatus med dette forsøg på omgåelse beskriver både deres ondskab og had til Jesus og deres mangel på respekt for Pilatus upartiskhed, ære og værdighed. Hvilken uforskammethed hos disse underlagte borgere til at træde frem foran deres provinsguvernør og anmode om henrettelse mod en mand, før de havde givet ham en retfærdig rettergang og uden selv at komme med konkrete anklager mod ham!
1955 185:2.5 Pilate knew something of Jesus’ work among the Jews, and he surmised that the charges which might be brought against him had to do with infringements of the Jewish ecclesiastical laws; therefore he sought to refer the case back to their own tribunal. Again, Pilate took delight in making them publicly confess that they were powerless to pronounce and execute the death sentence upon even one of their own race whom they had come to despise with a bitter and envious hatred.
2015 185:2.5 Pilatus kendte til noget af Jesu arbejde blandt jøderne, og han antog, at de anklager som kunne anføres mod ham havde at gøre med overtrædelser af de jødiske religiøse love; derfor forsøgte han at bringe sagen for deres egen domstol. Samtidig var det en fornøjelse for Pilatus at få dem til offentligt at bekende, at de var magtesløse til at afgive og udføre en dødsdom over en, der tilhørte deres eget folk, og som de var kommet til at foragte med et bittert og misundeligt had.
1955 185:2.6 It was a few hours previously, shortly before midnight and after he had granted permission to use Roman soldiers in effecting the secret arrest of Jesus, that Pilate had heard further concerning Jesus and his teaching from his wife, Claudia, who was a partial convert to Judaism, and who later on became a full-fledged believer in Jesus’ gospel.
2015 185:2.6 Et par timer tidligere, kort før midnat, og efter at Pilatus havde givet tilladelse til at bruge romerske soldater til at håndhæve den hemmelige anholdelse af Jesus, havde han hørt yderligere om Jesus og hans lære fra sin kone Claudia. Claudia var delvist konverteret til jødedommen og blev senere en helhjertet troede på Jesu evangelium.
1955 185:2.7 Pilate would have liked to postpone this hearing, but he saw the Jewish leaders were determined to proceed with the case. He knew that this was not only the forenoon of preparation for the Passover, but that this day, being Friday, was also the preparation day for the Jewish Sabbath of rest and worship.
2015 185:2.7 Pilatus ville gerne udskyde denne høring, men han så at de jødiske ledere var besluttede på at behandlingen af sagen skulle fortsætte. Han vidste, at ikke kun var påskens forberedelsesmorgen, men at dagen som var fredag også var forberedelsesdag for den jødiske sabbat af hvile og tilbedelse.
1955 185:2.8 Pilate, being keenly sensitive to the disrespectful manner of the approach of these Jews, was not willing to comply with their demands that Jesus be sentenced to death without a trial. When, therefore, he had waited a few moments for them to present their charges against the prisoner, he turned to them and said: “I will not sentence this man to death without a trial; neither will I consent to examine him until you have presented your charges against him in writing.”
2015 185:2.8 Pilatus som var pinligt klar over den respektløse måde, hvorpå disse jøder nærmede sig ham, var ikke villig til at acceptere deres krav, at Jesus skulle dømmes til døden uden rettergang. Da han derfor havde ventet et øjeblik på, at de ville præsentere deres anklager mod fangen, vendte han sig til dem og sagde: ”Jeg vil ikke dømme denne mand til døden uden rettergang, og ej heller vil jeg forhøre ham, indtil I skriftlig har fremført jeres anklager mod ham.”
1955 185:2.9 When the high priest and the others heard Pilate say this, they signaled to the clerk of the court, who then handed to Pilate the written charges against Jesus. And these charges were:
2015 185:2.9 Da ypperstepræsten og de andre hørte Pilatus sige dette, gav de tegn til lovens sekretær, som derefter afleverede de skriftlige anklager mod Jesus til Pilatus. Disse beskyldninger var:
1955 185:2.10 “We find in the Sanhedrist tribunal that this man is an evildoer and a disturber of our nation in that he is guilty of:
1955 185:2.11 “1. Perverting our nation and stirring up our people to rebellion.
2015 185:2.11 ”1. Ødelæggelse af vores nation og tilskyndelser vores folk til oprør.
1955 185:2.12 “2. Forbidding the people to pay tribute to Caesar.
2015 185:2.12 ”2. Forbyder folket at betale skat til kejseren.
1955 185:2.13 “3. Calling himself the king of the Jews and teaching the founding of a new kingdom.”
2015 185:2.13 ”3. Kalder sig selv jødernes konge og underviser i grundlæggelsen af et nyt rige.”
1955 185:2.14 Jesus had not been regularly tried nor legally convicted on any of these charges. He did not even hear these charges when first stated, but Pilate had him brought from the praetorium, where he was in the keeping of the guards, and he insisted that these charges be repeated in Jesus’ hearing.
2015 185:2.14 Jesus var ikke forhørt efter reglerne eller dømt i henhold til loven, når det kom til nogen af disse anklager. Han havde ikke engang hørt disse anklager, da de først blev præsenteret, men Pilatus hentede ham fra pretoriet, hvor vagterne holdt ham, og krævede, at anklagerne blev gentaget så Jesus fik dem at høre.
1955 185:2.15 When Jesus heard these accusations, he well knew that he had not been heard on these matters before the Jewish court, and so did John Zebedee and his accusers, but he made no reply to their false charges. Even when Pilate bade him answer his accusers, he opened not his mouth. Pilate was so astonished at the unfairness of the whole proceeding and so impressed by Jesus’ silent and masterly bearing that he decided to take the prisoner inside the hall and examine him privately.
2015 185:2.15 Da Jesus hørte disse beskyldninger, vidste han godt, at han ikke var blevet hørt om disse spørgsmål, foran den jødiske domstol, og det vidste Johannes Zebedæus også og dem, som anklagede Jesus, men han svarede ikke på deres falske beskyldninger. Selv da Pilatus bød ham at besvare sine anklagere, åbnede han ikke sin mund. Pilatus var så overrasket over det urimelige i hele proceduren og så imponeret af Jesu tavshed og mesterligt holdning, at han besluttede at tage fangen ind i hallen og forhøre ham alene.
1955 185:2.16 Pilate was confused in mind, fearful of the Jews in his heart, and mightily stirred in his spirit by the spectacle of Jesus’ standing there in majesty before his bloodthirsty accusers and gazing down on them, not in silent contempt, but with an expression of genuine pity and sorrowful affection.
2015 185:2.16 Pilatus var forvirret i sit sind, bange for jøderne i sit hjerte, og mægtigt rørt i sin ånd ved synet af Jesus, der majestætisk stod foran sine blodtørstige anklagere og så ned på dem, ikke i tavs foragt, men med et udtryk af ægte medlidenhed og sorgfuld hengivenhed.
3. THE PRIVATE EXAMINATION BY PILATE
3. PILATUS FORHØRER JESUS ALENE
1955 185:3.1 Pilate took Jesus and John Zebedee into a private chamber, leaving the guards outside in the hall, and requesting the prisoner to sit down, he sat down by his side and asked several questions. Pilate began his talk with Jesus by assuring him that he did not believe the first count against him: that he was a perverter of the nation and an inciter to rebellion. Then he asked, “Did you ever teach that tribute should be refused Caesar?” Jesus, pointing to John, said, “Ask him or any other man who has heard my teaching.” Then Pilate questioned John about this matter of tribute, and John testified concerning his Master’s teaching and explained that Jesus and his apostles paid taxes both to Caesar and to the temple. When Pilate had questioned John, he said, “See that you tell no man that I talked with you.” And John never did reveal this matter.
2015 185:3.1 Pilatus tog Jesus og Johannes Zebedæus ind i et af hans private værelser, efterlod vagterne udenfor i hallen, bad fangen om at sidde, sad ved siden af ham og spurgte flere spørgsmål[6]. Pilatus begyndte at tale med Jesus ved at forsikre ham om, at han ikke troede på den første anklage mod ham, nemlig at han var en, der ødelagte nationen og tilskyndede til oprør. Så spurgte han: ”Har du nogensinde lært, at man ikke skal betale skat til kejseren?” Jesus pegede på Johannes og sagde: ”Spørg ham eller nogen andre, der har hørt min undervisning[7].” Da spurgte Pilatus Johannes om skattespørgsmålet, og Johannes vidnede om hvad hans Mester havde lært og forklarede, at Jesus og hans apostle betalte skat både til Cæsar og til templet. Da Pilatus havde afhørt Johannes, sagde han: ”Se til, at du ikke fortæller nogen, at jeg har talt med dig.” Og Johannes afslørede heller ikke nogensinde dette.
1955 185:3.2 Pilate then turned around to question Jesus further, saying: “And now about the third accusation against you, are you the king of the Jews?” Since there was a tone of possibly sincere inquiry in Pilate’s voice, Jesus smiled on the procurator and said: “Pilate, do you ask this for yourself, or do you take this question from these others, my accusers?” Whereupon, in a tone of partial indignation, the governor answered: “Am I a Jew? Your own people and the chief priests delivered you up and asked me to sentence you to death. I question the validity of their charges and am only trying to find out for myself what you have done. Tell me, have you said that you are the king of the Jews, and have you sought to found a new kingdom?”
2015 185:3.2 Pilatus vendte sig for at fortsætte forhøret af Jesus og sagde: ”Og nu, angående den tredje anklage mod dig, er du jødernes konge?” Da der var en tone, der kunne antyde en oprigtig afhøring i Pilatus stemme, smilede Jesus til prokuratoren og sagde: ”Pilatus, spørger du dette for dig selv, eller tager du spørgsmålet fra disse andre, mine anklagere?” Hvorpå guvernøren i en tone af delvis vrede svarede: ”Er jeg en jøde? Dit eget folk og ypperstepræsterne har ført dig her og bedt mig om at dømme dig til døden[8][9]. Jeg sætter spørgsmålstegn ved gyldigheden af deres beskyldninger og forsøger kun for mig selv at få afklaret, hvad du har gjort. Sig mig, har du sagt, at du er jødernes konge, og har du forsøgt at grundlægge et nyt rige?”
1955 185:3.3 Then said Jesus to Pilate: “Do you not perceive that my kingdom is not of this world? If my kingdom were of this world, surely would my disciples fight that I should not be delivered into the hands of the Jews. My presence here before you in these bonds is sufficient to show all men that my kingdom is a spiritual dominion, even the brotherhood of men who, through faith and by love, have become the sons of God. And this salvation is for the gentile as well as for the Jew.”
2015 185:3.3 Da Jesus sagde til Pilatus, ”Indser du ikke, at mit rige ikke er af denne verden? Hvis mit rige var af denne verden, ville mine disciple sikkert kæmpe for at jeg ikke skulle falde i hænderne på jøderne[10]. Min tilstedeværelse her foran dig i disse bånd er tilstrækkeligt til at vise alle mennesker, at mit rige er et åndeligt herredømme, nemlig et broderskab af mennesker, der ved tro og kærlighed er blevet Guds børn. Og denne frelse er for ikke-jøden samt for jøden.”
1955 185:3.4 “Then you are a king after all?” said Pilate. And Jesus answered: “Yes, I am such a king, and my kingdom is the family of the faith sons of my Father who is in heaven. For this purpose was I born into this world, even that I should show my Father to all men and bear witness to the truth of God. And even now do I declare to you that every one who loves the truth hears my voice.”
2015 185:3.4 ”Så er du således en konge i alle fald?” Sagde Pilatus. Jesus svarede: ”Ja, jeg er en sådan konge, og mit rige er en familie af troens sønner til min Fader, som er i himlen. Til dette formål blev jeg født ind i denne verden, til og med for at jeg skulle vise min Fader for alle mennesker, og vidne om Guds sandhed[11]. Og selv nu, siger jeg dig, at hver og en, som elsker sandheden, hører min røst[12].”
1955 185:3.6 Pilate was not able to fathom Jesus’ words, nor was he able to understand the nature of his spiritual kingdom, but he was now certain that the prisoner had done nothing worthy of death. One look at Jesus, face to face, was enough to convince even Pilate that this gentle and weary, but majestic and upright, man was no wild and dangerous revolutionary who aspired to establish himself on the temporal throne of Israel. Pilate thought he understood something of what Jesus meant when he called himself a king, for he was familiar with the teachings of the Stoics, who declared that “the wise man is king.” Pilate was thoroughly convinced that, instead of being a dangerous seditionmonger, Jesus was nothing more or less than a harmless visionary, an innocent fanatic.
2015 185:3.6 Pilatus kunne ikke fatte Jesu ord, heller ikke forstod han det åndelige rigets natur, men han var nu sikker på, at fangen ikke havde gjort noget, der fortjente døden. Et kig på Jesus, ansigt til ansigt, var nok til at overbevise selv Pilatus, at denne ædle og trætte, men majestætisk og retskaffen mand ikke var en vild og farlig revolutionær, der stræbte efter at etablere sig på Israels sekulære trone. Pilatus troede han forstod noget af, hvad Jesus mente, da han kaldte sig en konge, for han kendte til stoikernes doktriner, som erklærede, at ”den kloge mand er konge.” Pilatus blev grundigt overbevist om, at Jesus, i stedet for at være en farlig uromagere var hverken mere eller mindre end en harmløs visionær, en uskyldig fanatiker.
1955 185:3.7 After questioning the Master, Pilate went back to the chief priests and the accusers of Jesus and said: “I have examined this man, and I find no fault in him. I do not think he is guilty of the charges you have made against him; I think he ought to be set free.” And when the Jews heard this, they were moved with great anger, so much so that they wildly shouted that Jesus should die; and one of the Sanhedrists boldly stepped up by the side of Pilate, saying: “This man stirs up the people, beginning in Galilee and continuing throughout all Judea. He is a mischief-maker and an evildoer. You will long regret it if you let this wicked man go free.”
2015 185:3.7 Efter at Pilatus havde forhørt Mesteren, gik han tilbage til ypperstepræsterne og de, der anklagede Jesus og sagde: ”Jeg har forhørt denne mand, og jeg finder ingen skyld hos ham[14]. Jeg tror ikke, han er skyldig i de anklager, I har rejst mod ham; efter min mening bør han sættes fri.” Da jøderne hørte dette, blev de meget vrede, til det punkt, at de vildt råbte, at Jesus måtte dø, og et af rådsmedlemmerne trådte dristigt op på siden af Pilatus og sagde: ”Denne mand opigler folket, med begyndelse i Galilæa og fortsætter ud over hele Judæa[15]. Han er en ballademager og en kriminel. Du vil længe fortryde det, hvis du lader denne ondsindede mand gå fri.”
1955 185:3.8 Pilate was hard pressed to know what to do with Jesus; therefore, when he heard them say that he began his work in Galilee, he thought to avoid the responsibility of deciding the case, at least to gain time for thought, by sending Jesus to appear before Herod, who was then in the city attending the Passover. Pilate also thought that this gesture would help to antidote some of the bitter feeling which had existed for some time between himself and Herod, due to numerous misunderstandings over matters of jurisdiction.
2015 185:3.8 Pilatus var hårdt presset for at vide, hvad han skulle gøre med Jesus; derfor, da han hørte dem sige, at Jesus begyndte sit arbejde i Galilæa, tænkte han, at han kunne undgå ansvaret for sagens afgørelse, eller i det mindste vinde tid til eftertanke, ved at sende Jesus foran Herodes, som netop befandt sig i byen for at deltage i påske festlighederne[16]. Pilatus mente også, at denne gestus ville bidrage til at udligne nogle af de bitre følelser, der havde eksisteret i nogen tid mellem ham selv og Herodes, og som beroede på talrige misforståelser i spørgsmål vedrørende domsretten[17].
4. JESUS BEFORE HEROD
4. JESUS FORAN HERODES
1955 185:4.1 When Herod Antipas stopped in Jerusalem, he dwelt in the old Maccabean palace of Herod the Great, and it was to this home of the former king that Jesus was now taken by the temple guards, and he was followed by his accusers and an increasing multitude. Herod had long heard of Jesus, and he was very curious about him. When the Son of Man stood before him, on this Friday morning, the wicked Idumean never for one moment recalled the lad of former years who had appeared before him in Sepphoris pleading for a just decision regarding the money due his father, who had been accidentally killed while at work on one of the public buildings. As far as Herod knew, he had never seen Jesus, although he had worried a great deal about him when his work had been centered in Galilee. Now that he was in custody of Pilate and the Judeans, Herod was desirous of seeing him, feeling secure against any trouble from him in the future. Herod had heard much about the miracles wrought by Jesus, and he really hoped to see him do some wonder.
2015 185:4.1 Når Herodes Antipas besøgte Jerusalem, opholdt han sig i Herodes den Stores gamle makkabæer palads, og det var til dette hjem af den tidligere konge tempelvagterne bragte Jesus, og efter ham fulgte hans anklagere og en stigende folkemængde. Herodes havde længe hørt om Jesus, og han var meget nysgerrig på ham. Da Menneskesønnen denne fredag morgen stod foran ham, huskede den forbryderiske idumæer ikke et øjeblik den unge knægt fra tidligere år, som var kommet foran ham i Sepphoris, og appellerede til en retfærdig afgørelse vedrørende de penge, som hans far havde til gode, da han blev dræbt i en ulykke, mens han arbejdede med opførelsen af en af de offentlige bygninger. Så vidt Herodes vidste, havde han aldrig set Jesus, selv om han havde forvoldt ham en masse bekymring når Jesu arbejde havde været koncentreret i Galilæa. Nu, da han var i Pilatus og jødernes varetægt ville Herodes gerne træffe ham, da han nu følte sig tryg mod eventuelle problemer fra ham i fremtiden. Herodes havde hørt meget om de mirakler Jesus havde gjort, og han håbede virkelig at se ham gøre nogle vidunder[19].
1955 185:4.2 When they brought Jesus before Herod, the tetrarch was startled by his stately appearance and the calm composure of his countenance. For some fifteen minutes Herod asked Jesus questions, but the Master would not answer. Herod taunted and dared him to perform a miracle, but Jesus would not reply to his many inquiries or respond to his taunts.
2015 185:4.2 Da de bragte Jesus foran Herodes blev fjerdingsfyrsten overrumplet ved hans fyrstelige udseende og mentale sindsro i hans ansigt. I næsten et kvarter stillede Herodes spørgsmål til Jesus, men Mesteren sagde ikke noget[20]. Herodes latterliggjorde ham og udfordrede ham til at udføre et mirakel, men Jesus svarede ikke på hans mange spørgsmål og svarede ikke på hans hån.
1955 185:4.3 Then Herod turned to the chief priests and the Sadducees and, giving ear to their accusations, heard all and more than Pilate had listened to regarding the alleged evil doings of the Son of Man. Finally, being convinced that Jesus would neither talk nor perform a wonder for him, Herod, after making fun of him for a time, arrayed him in an old purple royal robe and sent him back to Pilate. Herod knew he had no jurisdiction over Jesus in Judea. Though he was glad to believe that he was finally to be rid of Jesus in Galilee, he was thankful that it was Pilate who had the responsibility of putting him to death. Herod never had fully recovered from the fear that cursed him as a result of killing John the Baptist. Herod had at certain times even feared that Jesus was John risen from the dead. Now he was relieved of that fear since he observed that Jesus was a very different sort of person from the outspoken and fiery prophet who dared to expose and denounce his private life.
2015 185:4.3 Så vendte Herodes sig til ypperstepræsterne og saddukæerne, og når han lagde øre til deres beskyldninger, hørte han alt det, Pilatus havde hørt om Menneskesønnens påståede onde gerninger, og mere. Til sidst var Herodes overbevist om, at Jesus ikke ville sige noget eller udføre et mirakel for ham, og efter at have gjort nar af ham i et stykke tid, blev han iklædte en gammel lilla kongelige kappe, og sendt tilbage til Pilatus[21]. Herodes vidste, at han ikke havde forvaltningsret over Jesus i Judæa. Selvom han var glad for at tro, at han endelig ville slippe af med Jesus i Galilæa, var han taknemmelige for, at det var Pilatus, der havde ansvaret for hans henrettelse. Herodes var aldrig helt kommet sig fra den frygt som besatte ham som et resultat af at have tilladt drabet på Johannes Døberen. Herodes havde på visse tidspunkter endda frygtede, at Jesus var Johannes oprejst fra de døde. Nu lettede frygten ham, da han bemærkede, at Jesus var en helt anderledes slags person fra den åbenhjertige og fyrige profet, der havde vovet at afsløre og fordømme hans privatliv.
5. JESUS RETURNS TO PILATE
5. JESUS VENDER TILBAGE TIL PILATUS
1955 185:5.1 When the guards had brought Jesus back to Pilate, he went out on the front steps of the praetorium, where his judgment seat had been placed, and calling together the chief priests and Sanhedrists, said to them: “You brought this man before me with charges that he perverts the people, forbids the payment of taxes, and claims to be king of the Jews. I have examined him and fail to find him guilty of these charges. In fact, I find no fault in him. Then I sent him to Herod, and the tetrarch must have reached the same conclusion since he has sent him back to us. Certainly, nothing worthy of death has been done by this man. If you still think he needs to be disciplined, I am willing to chastise him before I release him.”
2015 185:5.1 Da vagterne havde ført Jesus tilbage til Pilatus, gik han ud på pretoriets ydre trappe, hvor hans dommersæde var blevet placeret, sammenkaldte ypperstepræsterne og rådsmedlemmerne og sagde: ”Du bragte denne mand for mig med anklager, at han fordrejer folket, forbyder betaling af skatter og hævder at være jødernes konge. Jeg har undersøgt ham og fandt ham ikke skyldig i disse anklager. Faktisk finder jeg ingen skyld hos ham[22]. Jeg sendte ham derefter til Herodes, og fjerdingsfyrsten må være kommet til den samme konklusion, da han har sendt ham tilbage til os. Helt sikkert har denne mand ingenting gjort, som fortjener døden. Hvis du stadig tror, han har brug for disciplin, er jeg villig til at revse ham, før jeg frigiv ham.”
1955 185:5.2 Just as the Jews were about to engage in shouting their protests against the release of Jesus, a vast crowd came marching up to the praetorium for the purpose of asking Pilate for the release of a prisoner in honor of the Passover feast. For some time it had been the custom of the Roman governors to allow the populace to choose some imprisoned or condemned man for pardon at the time of the Passover. And now that this crowd had come before him to ask for the release of a prisoner, and since Jesus had so recently been in great favor with the multitudes, it occurred to Pilate that he might possibly extricate himself from his predicament by proposing to this group that, since Jesus was now a prisoner before his judgment seat, he release to them this man of Galilee as the token of Passover good will.
2015 185:5.2 Netop da jøderne ville begynde at råbe deres protester mod frigivelsen af Jesus, kom en mægtig folkemængde marcherende op til pretoriet for at bede Pilatus om at løslade en fange til ære for påskefesten[23]. Det havde for en tid været skik af de romerske guvernører at lade folk vælge en person fængslet eller dømt mand som blev benådet til påsken. Nu da denne folkemængde kom til ham for at bede om at en fange skulle frigives, og siden Jesus så for nylig havde været så populær hos masserne, faldt det Pilatus ind, at han muligvis kunne trække sig ud af sin knibe ved at foreslå denne gruppe at han som et tegn på god vilje på påsken ville frigive dem denne galilæer, da Jesus nu var en fange foran hans dommersæde[24].
1955 185:5.3 As the crowd surged up on the steps of the building, Pilate heard them calling out the name of one Barabbas. Barabbas was a noted political agitator and murderous robber, the son of a priest, who had recently been apprehended in the act of robbery and murder on the Jericho road. This man was under sentence to die as soon as the Passover festivities were over.
2015 185:5.3 Da folkemængden steg op ad trappen, der førte op til bygningen hørte Pilatus dem råbe navnet på en vis Barabbas[25]. Barabbas var en kendt politisk agitator og morderisk røver, søn af en præst, der for nylig var blevet fanget i røveri og mord på vejen til Jeriko[26]. Denne mand var dømt til at dø, så snart påskens festligheder var over.
1955 185:5.4 Pilate stood up and explained to the crowd that Jesus had been brought to him by the chief priests, who sought to have him put to death on certain charges, and that he did not think the man was worthy of death. Said Pilate: “Which, therefore, would you prefer that I release to you, this Barabbas, the murderer, or this Jesus of Galilee?” And when Pilate had thus spoken, the chief priests and the Sanhedrin councilors all shouted at the top of their voices, “Barabbas, Barabbas!” And when the people saw that the chief priests were minded to have Jesus put to death, they quickly joined in the clamor for his life while they loudly shouted for the release of Barabbas.
2015 185:5.4 Pilatus rejste sig og forklarede folkemængden, at Jesus var blevet ført frem for ham af ypperstepræsterne, der ønskede Jesus henrettet på grundlag af visse anklager, men han mente ikke, at manden havde fortjent døden. Pilatus sagde, ”Hvem ville I derfor foretrække, at jeg skal løslade, denne morder Barabbas, eller denne Jesus fra Galilæa?” Da Pilatus havde sagt dette skreg alle ypperstepræsterne og rådsmedlemmer så højt, som de kunne, ”Barabbas, Barabbas!”, Og da folket så, at ypperstepræsterne ønskede Jesus henrettet sluttede de sig hurtigt til kravet for hans liv, mens de højlydt råbte, at Barabbas skulle frigives[27][28].
1955 185:5.5 A few days before this the multitude had stood in awe of Jesus, but the mob did not look up to one who, having claimed to be the Son of God, now found himself in the custody of the chief priests and the rulers and on trial before Pilate for his life. Jesus could be a hero in the eyes of the populace when he was driving the money-changers and the traders out of the temple, but not when he was a nonresisting prisoner in the hands of his enemies and on trial for his life.
2015 185:5.5 Et par dage tidligere havde folkemængden stået i ærefrygt foran Jesus, men pøbelen så ikke op til en, der havde hævdet at være Guds Søn, men som nu var i hænderne på ypperstepræsterne og herskerne og på anklagebænken foran Pilatus for sit liv. Jesus kunne være en helt i folkets øjne, når han drev vekselererne og handelsmændene ud fra templet, men ikke når han var en fange, der ikke gjorde modstand og som var i hænderne på sine fjender og på anklagebænken for sit liv.
1955 185:5.6 Pilate was angered at the sight of the chief priests clamoring for the pardon of a notorious murderer while they shouted for the blood of Jesus. He saw their malice and hatred and perceived their prejudice and envy. Therefore he said to them: “How could you choose the life of a murderer in preference to this man’s whose worst crime is that he figuratively calls himself the king of the Jews?” But this was not a wise statement for Pilate to make. The Jews were a proud people, now subject to the Roman political yoke but hoping for the coming of a Messiah who would deliver them from gentile bondage with a great show of power and glory. They resented, more than Pilate could know, the intimation that this meek-mannered teacher of strange doctrines, now under arrest and charged with crimes worthy of death, should be referred to as “the king of the Jews.” They looked upon such a remark as an insult to everything which they held sacred and honorable in their national existence, and therefore did they all let loose their mighty shouts for Barabbas’s release and Jesus’ death.
2015 185:5.6 Pilatus blev vred, da han så ypperstepræsterne råbe for benådning af en berygtet morder, mens de råbte efter Jesu blod. Han så deres ondskab og had, og fornemmede deres fordomme og misundelse. Derfor sagde han til dem: ”Hvordan kan du vælge at redde livet for en morder frem for denne mand, hvis største forbrydelse er, at han billedligt kalder sig jødernes konge?” Men det var ikke klogt af Pilatus at sige det. Jøderne var et stolt folk, som levede under Roms politiske åg, men som håbede på ankomsten af en Messias, der med en stor fremvisning af magt og herlighed ville befri dem fra de fremmedes lænker. De følte sig mere fornærmet end hvad Pilatus kunne vide, at tilkendegive, at denne ydmyge sindet lærer, med sine mærkelige doktriner, og som nu var under arrest og sigtet for forbrydelser som fortjente døden, ville blive kaldt ”jødernes konge”. De betragtede en sådan erklæring som en fornærmelse mod alt det, som de holdt hellig og hæderlig i deres nationale eksistens, og derfor rejste de alle deres mægtige råb om Barabbas løsladelse og Jesu død[29].
1955 185:5.7 Pilate knew Jesus was innocent of the charges brought against him, and had he been a just and courageous judge, he would have acquitted him and turned him loose. But he was afraid to defy these angry Jews, and while he hesitated to do his duty, a messenger came up and presented him with a sealed message from his wife, Claudia.
2015 185:5.7 Pilatus vidste Jesus var uskyldig i hvad de anklagede ham for, og havde han været en retfærdig og modig dommer, ville han have frikendt ham og løsladt ham. Men han var bange for at trodse disse vrede jøder, og mens han tøvede med at gøre sin pligt, kom en budbringer op til ham og rakte ham en forseglet besked fra hans kone, Claudia[30].
1955 185:5.8 Pilate indicated to those assembled before him that he wished to read the communication which he had just received before he proceeded further with the matter before him. When Pilate opened this letter from his wife, he read: “I pray you have nothing to do with this innocent and just man whom they call Jesus. I have suffered many things in a dream this night because of him.” This note from Claudia not only greatly upset Pilate and thereby delayed the adjudication of this matter, but it unfortunately also provided considerable time in which the Jewish rulers freely circulated among the crowd and urged the people to call for the release of Barabbas and to clamor for the crucifixion of Jesus.
2015 185:5.8 Pilatus angav til dem som var samlet, foran ham, at han ønskede at læse meddelelsen, som han netop havde modtaget før han fortsatte med den pågældende sag. Da Pilatus åbnede brevet fra sin kone stod der: ”Jeg bønfalder dig til ikke at have noget at gøre med denne uskyldige og retskaffen mand, som de kalder Jesus. Jeg har lidt meget i en drøm i nat for hans skyld[31].” Dette budskab fra Claudia forstyrrede ikke kun Pilatus meget, og forsinkede dermed behandlingen af sagen, men den gav desværre også de jødiske myndigheder rigelig tid til frit at bevæge sig rundt blandt publikum og opfordrede folket til at råbe om Barabbas frigivelse og højlydte krav om korsfæstelsen af Jesus[32].
1955 185:5.9 Finally, Pilate addressed himself once more to the solution of the problem which confronted him, by asking the mixed assembly of Jewish rulers and the pardon-seeking crowd, “What shall I do with him who is called the king of the Jews?” And they all shouted with one accord, “Crucify him! Crucify him!” The unanimity of this demand from the mixed multitude startled and alarmed Pilate, the unjust and fear-ridden judge.
2015 185:5.9 Endelig henvendte Pilatus sig atter til løsningen af det problem, han havde foran sig, og han spurgte den blandede samling af jødiske herskere og de mennesker, der ønskede en benådning, ”Hvad skal jeg gøre med ham, som kaldes Jødernes Konge!” Og de råbte alle med én stemme: ”Korsfæst ham! Korsfæst ham!” Enstemmigheden af dette krav fra det blandede publikum overraskede og foruroligede Pilatus, den uretfærdige og frygtplagede dommer[33].
1955 185:5.11 Then again Pilate appealed to them regarding the release of the Passover prisoner, saying: “Once more I ask you, which of these prisoners shall I release to you at this, your Passover time?” And again the crowd shouted, “Give us Barabbas!”
2015 185:5.11 Da appelleret Pilatus igen til dem om frigivelsen af en fange til påsken og sagde: ”Igen spørger jeg jer, hvilken af disse indsatte skal jeg løslade til jer, jeres påske til ære” Igen svarede mængden: ”Giv os Barabbas!”
1955 185:5.12 Then said Pilate: “If I release the murderer, Barabbas, what shall I do with Jesus?” And once more the multitude shouted in unison, “Crucify him! Crucify him!”
2015 185:5.12 Men Pilatus sagde: ”Hvis jeg slipper morderen Barabbas, hvad skal jeg gøre med Jesus?” Endnu en gang råbte folkeskaren med én stemme: ”Korsfæst ham! Korsfæst ham!”
1955 185:5.13 Pilate was terrorized by the insistent clamor of the mob, acting under the direct leadership of the chief priests and the councilors of the Sanhedrin; nevertheless, he decided upon at least one more attempt to appease the crowd and save Jesus.
2015 185:5.13 Pilatus blev terroriseret af den insisterende larmende pøbel, under ypperstepræsterne og rådsmedlemmer direkte ledelse; alligevel, besluttede han at gøre mindst ét yderligere forsøg på at berolige folkemængden og redde Jesus.
6. PILATE’S LAST APPEAL
6. PILATUS SIDSTE APPEL
1955 185:6.1 In all that is transpiring early this Friday morning before Pilate, only the enemies of Jesus are participating. His many friends either do not yet know of his night arrest and early morning trial or are in hiding lest they also be apprehended and adjudged worthy of death because they believe Jesus’ teachings. In the multitude which now clamors for the Master’s death are to be found only his sworn enemies and the easily led and unthinking populace.
2015 185:6.1 I alt, hvad der denne tidlige fredag morgen finder sted foran Pilatus er det kun Jesus fjender der deltager. Hans mange venner ved antagelig endnu ikke om hans natlige anholdelse og tidlige rettergang eller er i skjult for ikke også at blive arresteret og dømt til at fortjene døden, fordi de tror på Jesu lære. I mængden af mennesker, der nu skriger efter Mesterens død, findes kun hans svorne fjender og den let forførte og tankeløse folkemængde.
1955 185:6.2 Pilate would make one last appeal to their pity. Being afraid to defy the clamor of this misled mob who cried for the blood of Jesus, he ordered the Jewish guards and the Roman soldiers to take Jesus and scourge him. This was in itself an unjust and illegal procedure since the Roman law provided that only those condemned to die by crucifixion should be thus subjected to scourging. The guards took Jesus into the open courtyard of the praetorium for this ordeal. Though his enemies did not witness this scourging, Pilate did, and before they had finished this wicked abuse, he directed the scourgers to desist and indicated that Jesus should be brought to him. Before the scourgers laid their knotted whips upon Jesus as he was bound to the whipping post, they again put upon him the purple robe, and plaiting a crown of thorns, they placed it upon his brow. And when they had put a reed in his hand as a mock scepter, they knelt before him and mocked him, saying, “Hail, king of the Jews!” And they spit upon him and struck him in the face with their hands. And one of them, before they returned him to Pilate, took the reed from his hand and struck him upon the head.
2015 185:6.2 Pilatus ville gøre en sidste appel til deres medfølelse. Da han var bange for at sætte sig op imod denne vildledte pøbel, der råbte efter Jesu blod, beordrede han de jødiske vagter og de romerske soldater at tage Jesus med sig og piske ham[35]. Det var i sig selv en uretfærdig og ulovlig procedure, da den romerske lovgivning, forudsatte at kun dem, der var blevet dømt til døden ved korsfæstelse på denne måde skulle piskes. Vagterne tog Jesus ind i pretoriets åbne gård for denne prøvelse. Selvom hans fjender ikke bevidnede piskningen, gjorde Pilatus det, og før denne onde mishandling var overstået, befalede han piskningen at stoppe og gav tegn til at bringe Jesus til ham. Før piskerne med deres knude piske gik løs på Jesus blev han bundet til piske stangen, lagde purpurkappen på ham igen, flettede en krone af torne og satte den over hans pande. Og da de havde sat en kæp i hånden som et håne scepter, faldt de på knæ foran ham, hånede ham og sagde: ”Længe leve jødernes konge!” De spyttede på ham og slog ham med hænderne i ansigtet. Før de returnerede ham til Pilatus, tog en af dem kæppen fra hans hånd og slog ham i hovedet med den[36].
1955 185:6.3 Then Pilate led forth this bleeding and lacerated prisoner and, presenting him before the mixed multitude, said: “Behold the man! Again I declare to you that I find no crime in him, and having scourged him, I would release him.”
1955 185:6.4 There stood Jesus of Nazareth, clothed in an old purple royal robe with a crown of thorns piercing his kindly brow. His face was bloodstained and his form bowed down with suffering and grief. But nothing can appeal to the unfeeling hearts of those who are victims of intense emotional hatred and slaves to religious prejudice. This sight sent a mighty shudder through the realms of a vast universe, but it did not touch the hearts of those who had set their minds to effect the destruction of Jesus.
2015 185:6.4 Der stod Jesus af Nazaret, iklædt en gammel lilla kongelig kåbe med en krone af torne, der gennemborede hans venlige pande. Hans ansigt var blodplettet og hans krop bøjet af smerte og sorg. Men intet kan appellere til de ufølsomme hjerter hos dem, der er ofre for intenst følelsesmæssigt had og slaver til religiøse fordomme. Dette syn sendte en mægtig gysen gennem verdenerne i et vidtstrakt univers, men det rørte ikke hjerterne hos dem, der var fast besluttet på at have Jesus henrettet.
1955 185:6.6 And now did Pilate comprehend that it was futile to appeal to their supposed feelings of pity. He stepped forward and said: “I perceive that you are determined this man shall die, but what has he done to deserve death? Who will declare his crime?”
2015 185:6.6 Nu havde Pilatus forstået, at det var nyttesløst at appellere til eventuelle følelser af medlidenhed i dem. Han trådte frem og sagde: ”Jeg fornemmer, at I er fast besluttet på at denne mand skal dø, men hvad har han gjort for at fortjene døden? Hvem erklærer sin forbrydelse?”
1955 185:6.7 Then the high priest himself stepped forward and, going up to Pilate, angrily declared: “We have a sacred law, and by that law this man ought to die because he made himself out to be the Son of God.” When Pilate heard this, he was all the more afraid, not only of the Jews, but recalling his wife’s note and the Greek mythology of the gods coming down on earth, he now trembled at the thought of Jesus possibly being a divine personage. He waved to the crowd to hold its peace while he took Jesus by the arm and again led him inside the building that he might further examine him. Pilate was now confused by fear, bewildered by superstition, and harassed by the stubborn attitude of the mob.
2015 185:6.7 Så trådte ypperstepræsten selv frem, gik hen til Pilatus og sagde vredt: ”Vi har en hellig lov, og i henhold til loven må denne mand dø, fordi han har hævdet at være Guds søn[39].” Da Pilatus hørte dette, blev han endnu mere bange ikke kun for jøderne, men da han erindrede sin kones budskab og den græske mytologi om guderne der kommer ned til jorden, skælvede han nu ved tanken om, at Jesus kunne være en guddommelig personlighed. Han gav med hånden tegn til folkemængden til at bevare roen, mens han tog Jesus under armen og igen førte ham ind i bygningen til yderligere afhøring af ham. Pilatus var nu forvirret af frygt, forvirret af overtro, og chikaneret af den stædige holdning hos pøbelen.
7. PILATE’S LAST INTERVIEW
7. PILATUS SIDSTE SAMTALE MED JESUS
1955 185:7.1 As Pilate, trembling with fearful emotion, sat down by the side of Jesus, he inquired: “Where do you come from? Really, who are you? What is this they say, that you are the Son of God?”
1955 185:7.2 But Jesus could hardly answer such questions when asked by a man-fearing, weak, and vacillating judge who was so unjust as to subject him to flogging even when he had declared him innocent of all crime, and before he had been duly sentenced to die. Jesus looked Pilate straight in the face, but he did not answer him. Then said Pilate: “Do you refuse to speak to me? Do you not realize that I still have power to release you or to crucify you?” Then said Jesus: “You could have no power over me except it were permitted from above. You could exercise no authority over the Son of Man unless the Father in heaven allowed it. But you are not so guilty since you are ignorant of the gospel. He who betrayed me and he who delivered me to you, they have the greater sin.”
2015 185:7.2 Men Jesus kunne næppe forventes at besvare sådanne spørgsmål, når de blev spurgt af en mand, en bange, svag og vaklende dommer, som var så uretfærdig, at han lod ham piske, selv om han havde erklæret ham uskyldig i alle forbrydelser, og før han behørigt var dømt til døden. Jesus så Pilatus lige i ansigtet, men svarede ham ikke[41]. Men Pilatus sagde: ”Vil du nægte at tale med mig? Er du ikke klar over, at jeg stadig har magt til enten at befri dig eller til at korsfæste dig?” Jesus sagde: ” Du kunne ikke have nogen magt over mig, hvis det ikke var tilladt fra oven. Du ville ikke være i stand til at udøve nogen myndighed over Menneskesønnen, medmindre Faderen i himlen tillod det. Men du er ikke så skyldig, da du er uvidende om evangeliet. Han, som forrådte mig, og han, der har leveret mig til dig, de bær den større synd[42].”
1955 185:7.3 This last talk with Jesus thoroughly frightened Pilate. This moral coward and judicial weakling now labored under the double weight of the superstitious fear of Jesus and mortal dread of the Jewish leaders.
2015 185:7.3 Denne sidste snak med Jesus, fyldte Pilatus helt med frygt. Denne moralske kujon og retslig svækling, arbejdede nu under den dobbelte vægt af en overtroisk frygt for Jesus og dødelig angst for de jødiske ledere.
1955 185:7.4 Again Pilate appeared before the crowd, saying: “I am certain this man is only a religious offender. You should take him and judge him by your law. Why should you expect that I would consent to his death because he has clashed with your traditions?”
2015 185:7.4 Igen trådte Pilatus ud foran mængden og sagde: ”Jeg er sikker på, at denne mand kun er en religiøs krænker. Du bør tage ham og dømmer ham efter jeres egen lov. Hvorfor forventer du at jeg skal give mit samtykke til hans død fordi han er kommet i konflikt med jeres traditioner?”
1955 185:7.5 Pilate was just about ready to release Jesus when Caiaphas, the high priest, approached the cowardly Roman judge and, shaking an avenging finger in Pilate’s face, said with angry words which the entire multitude could hear: “If you release this man, you are not Caesar’s friend, and I will see that the emperor knows all.” This public threat was too much for Pilate. Fear for his personal fortunes now eclipsed all other considerations, and the cowardly governor ordered Jesus brought out before the judgment seat. As the Master stood there before them, he pointed to him and tauntingly said, “Behold your king.” And the Jews answered, “Away with him. Crucify him!” And then Pilate said, with much irony and sarcasm, “Shall I crucify your king?” And the Jews answered, “Yes, crucify him! We have no king but Caesar.” And then did Pilate realize that there was no hope of saving Jesus since he was unwilling to defy the Jews.
2015 185:7.5 Pilatus var lige ved at frigive Jesus, da Kajfas, ypperstepræsten, gik op til den frygtplaget romerske dommer, rystede en hævnende finger i Pilatus ansigt, og med vrede ord, som hele publikum kunne høre, sagde: ”Hvis du slipper denne mand, er du ikke Cæsars ven, og jeg vil se, at kejseren får alt at vide. ”Denne offentlige trussel var for meget for Pilatus. Bekymringer om hans personlige skæbne overskyggede nu alle andre hensyn, og den feje guvernør beordrede Jesus at blive bragt ud foran dommersædet. Som Mesteren stod der foran dem, pegede Pilatus på ham og sagde drillende: ”Se din konge”, og jøderne svarede: ”Væk med ham. Korsfæst ham!” Pilatus sagde, med megen ironi og sarkasme, ”Skal jeg korsfæste jeres konge?” Jøderne svarede:” Ja, korsfæst ham! Vi har ingen anden konge end kejseren.” Da indså Pilatus, at fordi han var uvillig til at trodse jøderne, var der ingen håb om at redde Jesus[43].
8. PILATE’S TRAGIC SURRENDER
8. PILATUS TRAGISKE KAPITULATION
1955 185:8.1 Here stood the Son of God incarnate as the Son of Man. He was arrested without indictment; accused without evidence; adjudged without witnesses; punished without a verdict; and now was soon to be condemned to die by an unjust judge who confessed that he could find no fault in him. If Pilate had thought to appeal to their patriotism by referring to Jesus as the “king of the Jews,” he utterly failed. The Jews were not expecting any such a king. The declaration of the chief priests and the Sadducees, “We have no king but Caesar,” was a shock even to the unthinking populace, but it was too late now to save Jesus even had the mob dared to espouse the Master’s cause.
2015 185:8.1 Der stod Guds Søn inkarneret som Menneskesønnen. Han blev anholdt uden anklager, anklaget uden beviser, dømt uden vidner, straffet uden dom; og nu ville han snart blive dømt til døden af en uretfærdig dommer, som tilstod, at han ikke kunne finde nogen skyld hos ham. Hvis Pilatus havde tænkt at appellere til deres patriotisme, da han talte om Jesus som ”jødernes konge”, fejlede han totalt. Jøderne forventede ikke sådan en konge. Ypperstepræsternes og saddukæernes erklæring, ”Vi har ingen anden konge end kejseren” var et chok selv for den tankeløse befolkning, men nu var det for sent at redde Jesus, selv om pøbelen havde vovet at gøre Mesterens sag til deres.
1955 185:8.2 Pilate was afraid of a tumult or a riot. He dared not risk having such a disturbance during Passover time in Jerusalem. He had recently received a reprimand from Caesar, and he would not risk another. The mob cheered when he ordered the release of Barabbas. Then he ordered a basin and some water, and there before the multitude he washed his hands, saying: “I am innocent of the blood of this man. You are determined that he shall die, but I have found no guilt in him. See you to it. The soldiers will lead him forth.” And then the mob cheered and replied, “His blood be on us and on our children.”
2015 185:8.2 Pilatus var bange for optøjer eller opstand. Han turde ikke tage risikoen for at have sådan en forstyrrelse under påsken i Jerusalem. Han havde for nylig fik en påtale fra Cæsar, og han ønskede ikke at risikere yderligere en. Pøbelen jublede da han beordrede frigivelse af Barabbas[44]. Derefter beordrede han et skål med vand, og der foran mængden, vaskede han sine hænder og sagde: ”Jeg er uskyldig i denne mands blod[45]. Du har bestemt, at han skal dø, men jeg har ikke fundet nogen skyld hos ham[46]. Det må være jeres sag. Soldaterne vil føre ham frem.” Så jublede pøbelen og svarede: ” Hans blod må komme over os og vore børn.”
| Kapitel 184. Foran Det Jødiske Råds Domstol |
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Kapitel 186. Kort Før Korsfæstelsen |