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POGLAVLJE 186 : NEPOSREDNO PRIJE RAZAPINJANJA |
THE TRIAL BEFORE PILATE
POGLAVLJE 185 : PRED PILATOM
1955 185:0.1 SHORTLY after six o’clock on this Friday morning, April 7, A.D. 30, Jesus was brought before Pilate, the Roman procurator who governed Judea, Samaria, and Idumea under the immediate supervision of the legatus of Syria. The Master was taken into the presence of the Roman governor by the temple guards, bound, and was accompanied by about fifty of his accusers, including the Sanhedrist court (principally Sadduceans), Judas Iscariot, and the high priest, Caiaphas, and by the Apostle John. Annas did not appear before Pilate.
2014 185:0.1 NEDUGO poslije šest ujutro, u petak 7. travnja 30. godine poslije Krista, Isus je izišao pred Pilata, rimskog prokuratora koji je upravljao Judejom, Samarijom i Idumejom pod neposrednim nadzorom legata Sirije. Kad su čuvari hrama izveli svezanog Učitelja pred rimskog upravitelja, prišlo im je nekih pedeset optužitelja, među kojima su bili i pripadnici Velikog vijeća (prvenstveno saduceji), Juda Iskariotski, veliki svećenik Kaifa i apostol Ivan. Ana se nije pojavio pred Pilatom.
1955 185:0.2 Pilate was up and ready to receive this group of early morning callers, having been informed by those who had secured his consent, the previous evening, to employ the Roman soldiers in arresting the Son of Man, that Jesus would be early brought before him. This trial was arranged to take place in front of the praetorium, an addition to the fortress of Antonia, where Pilate and his wife made their headquarters when stopping in Jerusalem.
2014 185:0.2 Pilat je već bio na nogama i spreman da primi ove rane jutarnje uzvanike, kako je primio obavijest o Isusovom suđenju od onih koji su tražili odobrenje prethodne večeri za angažman rimskih vojnika pri uhićenju Sina Čovječjeg. Ovaj se sudski postupak trebao održati u pretoriju, novom krilu tvrđave Antonije gdje su Pilat i njegova žena odsjedali prilikom svojih posjeta Jeruzelemu.
1955 185:0.3 Though Pilate conducted much of Jesus’ examination within the praetorium halls, the public trial was held outside on the steps leading up to the main entrance. This was a concession to the Jews, who refused to enter any gentile building where leaven might be used on this day of preparation for the Passover. Such conduct would not only render them ceremonially unclean and thereby debar them from partaking of the afternoon feast of thanksgiving but would also necessitate their subjection to purification ceremonies after sundown, before they would be eligible to partake of the Passover supper.
2014 185:0.3 Iako je Pilat obavio najveći dio Isusovog ispitivanja u privatnim sobama pretorija, javno suđenje se trebalo održati na stepenicama koje su vodile do glavnog ulaza u pretorij
[1]. To je bio ustupak Židovima koji su, u pripremi za pashalnu večeru, odbijali ući u kuću u kojoj se služio kvasac. Ne samo što bi tako bili ceremonijalno onečišćeni i diskvalificirani od sudjelovanja u blagdanu zahvalnice, nego bi se morali podvrći ceremonijama očišćenja nakon zalaska sunca, prije nego što će imati pravo sudjelovati u pashalnoj večeri.
1955 185:0.4 Although these Jews were not at all bothered in conscience as they intrigued to effect the judicial murder of Jesus, they were nonetheless scrupulous regarding all these matters of ceremonial cleanness and traditional regularity. And these Jews have not been the only ones to fail in the recognition of high and holy obligations of a divine nature while giving meticulous attention to things of trifling importance to human welfare in both time and eternity.
2014 185:0.4 Ovi Židovi nisu osjećali grižnju savjesti iako su radili na sprovedbi Isusovog ubojstva, ali su se savjesno držali svih pitanja ceremonijalne čistote i propisanih tradicija. Ovi Židovi nisu bili jedini koji su zanemarili svoje visoke i svete obveze božanske prirode, dok su se pedantno držali stvari od malo ili ni malo značaja za ljudsku dobrobit u vremenu i vječnosti.
¶ 1. PONCIJE PILAT
1. PONTIUS PILATE
1. PONCIJE PILAT
1955 185:1.1 If Pontius Pilate had not been a reasonably good governor of the minor provinces, Tiberius would hardly have suffered him to remain as procurator of Judea for ten years. Although he was a fairly good administrator, he was a moral coward. He was not a big enough man to comprehend the nature of his task as governor of the Jews. He failed to grasp the fact that these Hebrews had a real religion, a faith for which they were willing to die, and that millions upon millions of them, scattered here and there throughout the empire, looked to Jerusalem as the shrine of their faith and held the Sanhedrin in respect as the highest tribunal on earth.
2014 185:1.1 Da Poncije Pilat nije bio prilično dobar upravitelj manjih provincija, Tiberije bi mu teško dopustio da deset godina ostane na dužnosti prokuratora Judeje. Dok je bio prilično dobar administrator, bio je moralna kukavica. On nije bio dovoljno dorastao da shvati prirodu uloge koju je igrao kao upravitelj Židova. Nije uspio shvatiti činjenicu da su ovi Židovi imali pravu religiju, vjeru za koju su bili spremni položiti svoj život, i da je više milijuna Židova, razasutih tu i tamo po cijelom carstvu, smatralo Jeruzalem svetištem svoje vjere i Veliko vijeće najvišim zemaljskim sudom.
1955 185:1.2 Pilate did not love the Jews, and this deep-seated hatred early began to manifest itself. Of all the Roman provinces, none was more difficult to govern than Judea. Pilate never really understood the problems involved in the management of the Jews and, therefore, very early in his experience as governor, made a series of almost fatal and well-nigh suicidal blunders. And it was these blunders that gave the Jews such power over him. When they wanted to influence his decisions, all they had to do was to threaten an uprising, and Pilate would speedily capitulate. And this apparent vacillation, or lack of moral courage, of the procurator was chiefly due to the memory of a number of controversies he had had with the Jews and because in each instance they had worsted him. The Jews knew that Pilate was afraid of them, that he feared for his position before Tiberius, and they employed this knowledge to the great disadvantage of the governor on numerous occasions.
2014 185:1.2 Pilat nije volio Židove i ta se duboko uvriježena mržnja rano počela ispoljavati. Od svih rimskih provincija, najteže je bilo upravljati Judejom. Pilat nikada nije istinski shvatio probleme vezane za upravu nad Židovima, te je stoga vrlo rano u svom iskustvu kao guverner, učinio niz fatalnih i govoto samoubilačkih zabluda. I te su rane zablude bile aduti koji su Židovima dali toliku vlast nad njim. Kad god su htjeli utjecati na njegove odluke, samo su trebali zaprijetiti pobunom i Pilat bi spremno kapitulirao.Ta očita neodlučnost, taj nedostatak moralne hrabrosti ovog prokuratora uglavnom proizlaze iz sjećanja na brojne nesuglasica s Židovima u kojima je pretrpio poraz za porazom. Židovi su znali da ih se Pilat bojao i da se bojao za svoju poziciju pred Tiberijem, i u brojnim su prigodama koristili ovo znanje na guvernerovu veliku štetu.
1955 185:1.3 Pilate’s disfavor with the Jews came about as a result of a number of unfortunate encounters. First, he failed to take seriously their deep-seated prejudice against all images as symbols of idol worship. Therefore he permitted his soldiers to enter Jerusalem without removing the images of Caesar from their banners, as had been the practice of the Roman soldiers under his predecessor. A large deputation of Jews waited upon Pilate for five days, imploring him to have these images removed from the military standards. He flatly refused to grant their petition and threatened them with instant death. Pilate, himself being a skeptic, did not understand that men of strong religious feelings will not hesitate to die for their religious convictions; and therefore was he dismayed when these Jews drew themselves up defiantly before his palace, bowed their faces to the ground, and sent word that they were ready to die. Pilate then realized that he had made a threat which he was unwilling to carry out. He surrendered, ordered the images removed from the standards of his soldiers in Jerusalem, and found himself from that day on to a large extent subject to the whims of the Jewish leaders, who had in this way discovered his weakness in making threats which he feared to execute.
2014 185:1.3 Pilatova nepopularnost među Židovima proizlazi iz niza nesretnih susreta. Prvo, on nije obratio ozbiljnu pažnju na njihovu duboko uvriježenu odbojnost prema svim slikama kao predmetima štovanja idola. Tako je dopustio svojim vojnicima da uđu u Jeruzalem a da nisu uklonili carev lik sa svojih zastava, kao što su to činili rimski vojnici pod njegovim prethodnikom. Veliko izaslanstvo Židova je čekalo na Pilata pet dana, s molbom da skine ove slike s vojničkih stijegova. Pilat je odrješito odbio odobriti njihov zahtjev i zaprijetio im smrtnom kaznom. Pilat, koji je bio skeptik, nije mogao shvatiti da su ovi ljudi imali snažne religiozne osjećaje i da stoga nisu oklijevali položiti svoje živote radi svojih religioznih uvjerenja; i zato se naljutio kad su ti Židovi s prkosom došli u njegov pretorij i pognutih glava poslali poruku da su bili spremni umrijeti. Pilat je tada shvatio da je izrekao prijetnju koju nije bio spreman sprovesti u djelo. Stoga je popustio i naredio da se skinu slike sa stijegova njegovih vojnika u Jeruzalemu, i otada je bio na milosti pred hirovima židovskih vođa koji su otkrili njegovu slabost u izricanju prijetnji koje se bojao sprovesti u djelo.
1955 185:1.4 Pilate subsequently determined to regain this lost prestige and accordingly had the shields of the emperor, such as were commonly used in Caesar worship, put up on the walls of Herod’s palace in Jerusalem. When the Jews protested, he was adamant. When he refused to listen to their protests, they promptly appealed to Rome, and the emperor as promptly ordered the offending shields removed. And then was Pilate held in even lower esteem than before.
2014 185:1.4 Pilat je nakon tog događaja bio odlučan povratiti izgubljeni prestiž i tako je naredio da se na zidovima Herodove palate u Jeruzalemu podignu štitovi s carevim likom kakvi se često koriste u štovanju cara. Kad su Židovi prosvjedovali, ostao je odlučan. Kad je odbio poslušati njihove prosvjede, oni su odmah uputili tužbu Rimu, na što je car spremno naredio da se skinu ovi uvredljivi štitovi. I tako je Pilat još više izgubio na ugledu.
1955 185:1.5 Another thing which brought him into great disfavor with the Jews was that he dared to take money from the temple treasury to pay for the construction of a new aqueduct to provide increased water supply for the millions of visitors to Jerusalem at the times of the great religious feasts. The Jews held that only the Sanhedrin could disburse the temple funds, and they never ceased to inveigh against Pilate for this presumptuous ruling. No less than a score of riots and much bloodshed resulted from this decision. The last of these serious outbreaks had to do with the slaughter of a large company of Galileans even as they worshiped at the altar.
2014 185:1.5 Drugo pitanje koje je narušilo Pilatovu naklonost među Židovima bilo je to što se usudio uzeti novac iz riznice hrama za izgradnju novog akvadukta koji je trebao povećati opskrbu vodom za milijune posjetitelja Jeruzalemu prilikom velikih religioznih blagdana. Židovi su smatrali da je samo Veliko vijeće imalo pravo raspolagati novcem iz hrama, i nikad nisu prestali napadati Pilata radi ove preuzetne odluke. Iz nje je proisteklo više od dvadeset izgreda praćenih velikim krvoprolićem. Posljednji ozbiljan događaj koji je nastao iz ove situacije je bio pokolj velikog broja Galilejaca koji su ubijeni dok su se molili na oltaru.
1955 185:1.6 It is significant that, while this vacillating Roman ruler sacrificed Jesus to his fear of the Jews and to safeguard his personal position, he finally was deposed as a result of the needless slaughter of Samaritans in connection with the pretensions of a false Messiah who led troops to Mount Gerizim, where he claimed the temple vessels were buried; and fierce riots broke out when he failed to reveal the hiding place of the sacred vessels, as he had promised. As a result of this episode, the legatus of Syria ordered Pilate to Rome. Tiberius died while Pilate was on the way to Rome, and he was not reappointed as procurator of Judea. He never fully recovered from the regretful condemnation of having consented to the crucifixion of Jesus. Finding no favor in the eyes of the new emperor, he retired to the province of Lausanne, where he subsequently committed suicide.
2014 185:1.6 Bitno je napomenuti da je ovaj neodlučni rimski upravitelj koji je žrtvovao Isusa zbog straha od Židova i u cilju očuvanja svoje osobne pozicije, na koncu svrgnut s vlasti radi besmislenog pokolja Samarijanaca u vezi s pretencioznim učenjima lažnog Mesije koji je vodio vojsku na goru Gerizim gdje su navodno bile zakopane ceremonijalne posude iz hrama; izbili su žestoki nemiri kad ovaj nije uspio otkriti skrovište svetih posuda, kao što je ovećao. Kao rezultat ove epizode, sirijski namjesnik je naredio Pilatu da se vrati u Rim. Tiberije je umro dok je Pilat bio na putu za Rim, i Pilat tako nije ponovo imenovan prokuratorom Judeje. On se nikada nije u potpunosti oporavio od svog žalosnog pristanka da odobri raspeće Isusa. Kako nije našao naklonosti u očima novog cara,Pilat se povukao u provinciju Lausane, gdje je nakon nekog vremena počinio samoubojstvo.
1955 185:1.7 Claudia Procula, Pilate’s wife, had heard much of Jesus through the word of her maid-in-waiting, who was a Phoenician believer in the gospel of the kingdom. After the death of Pilate, Claudia became prominently identified with the spread of the good news.
2014 185:1.7 Klaudija Prokula, Pilatova žena, je puno čula o Isusu od svoje sobarice, feničke vjernice u evanđenje kraljevstva. Nakon Pilatove smrti, Klaudija se istakla u promicanju radosne vijesti.
1955 185:1.8 And all this explains much that transpired on this tragic Friday forenoon. It is easy to understand why the Jews presumed to dictate to Pilate—to get him up at six o’clock to try Jesus—and also why they did not hesitate to threaten to charge him with treason before the emperor if he dared to refuse their demands for Jesus’ death.
2014 185:1.8 I sve to objašnjava većinu događaja koji su se odigrali ovog tragičnog petka poslije podne. Lako je shvatiti kako su se Židovi usudili davati naredbe Pilatu - probuditi ga u šest ujutro da sudi Isusu - i zašto su bili spremni da ga optuže za izdaju ako se usudi odbiti njihove zahtjeve i osuditi Isusa na smrt.
1955 185:1.9 A worthy Roman governor who had not become disadvantageously involved with the rulers of the Jews would never have permitted these bloodthirsty religious fanatics to bring about the death of a man whom he himself had declared to be innocent of their false charges and without fault. Rome made a great blunder, a far-reaching error in earthly affairs, when she sent the second-rate Pilate to govern Palestine. Tiberius had better have sent to the Jews the best provincial administrator in the empire.
2014 185:1.9 Dostojanstveni rimski upravitelj koji nije imao tako nepovoljne odnose s židovskim vladarima, nikada ne bi dopustio ovim krvožednim religioznim fanaticima da sprovedu smaknuće čovjeka kojeg je sam proglasio nedužnim i nevinim pred njihovim lažnim optužbama. Rim je napravio veliku grešku, dalekosežnu zabludu u vođenju svojih zemaljskih poslova, kad je postavio ovog drugorazrednog upravitelja da vlada Palestinom. Tiberije je Židovima trebao poslati najboljeg provincijskog upravitelja u cijelom svom carstvu.
¶ 2. ISUS PRED PILATOM
2. JESUS APPEARS BEFORE PILATE
2. ISUS PRED PILATOM
1955 185:2.1 When Jesus and his accusers had gathered in front of Pilate’s judgment hall, the Roman governor came out and, addressing the company assembled, asked, “What accusation do you bring against this fellow?” The Sadducees and councilors who had taken it upon themselves to put Jesus out of the way had determined to go before Pilate and ask for confirmation of the death sentence pronounced upon Jesus, without volunteering any definite charge. Therefore did the spokesman for the Sanhedrist court answer Pilate: “If this man were not an evildoer, we should not have delivered him up to you.”
2014 185:2.1 Kad su se Isus i njegovi optužitelji okupili ispred Pilatove sudnice, rimski upravitelj je izišao pred pred njih i obratio se okupljenoj svjetini, govoreći: “Kakvu optužbu iznosite protiv ovoga čovjeka?” Saduceji i savjetnici koji su preuzeli sprovedbu Isusove smrti su odlučno stali pred Pilata i tražili odobrenje Isusove smrtne kazne, a da nisu naveli nikakve jasne optužbe[2]. Stoga je glasnogovornik suda Velikog vijeća rekao Pilatu: “Kad ovaj ne bi bio zločinac, ne bi smo ga predali tebi.”
1955 185:2.2 When Pilate observed that they were reluctant to state their charges against Jesus, although he knew they had been all night engaged in deliberations regarding his guilt, he answered them: “Since you have not agreed on any definite charges, why do you not take this man and pass judgment on him in accordance with your own laws?”
2014 185:2.2 Kad je Pilat vidio da nisu bili voljni iznijeti konkretne optužbe protiv Isusa, premda je znao da su proveli cijelu noć u raspravama o njegovoj krivnji, on im je odgovorio: “Kako se sami niste uspjeli složiti u pogledu jasnih optužbi protiv ovoga čovjeka, zašto ga vi ne uzmete i ne sudite mu po svojim zakonima?”[3]
1955 185:2.4 To come before the Roman governor with this attempt at evasion discloses both the ill-will and the ill-humor of the Sanhedrists toward Jesus as well as their lack of respect for the fairness, honor, and dignity of Pilate. What effrontery for these subject citizens to appear before their provincial governor asking for a decree of execution against a man before affording him a fair trial and without even preferring definite criminal charges against him!
2014 185:2.4 To što su pripadnici Velikog vijeća došli pred rimskog upravitelja s pokušajem utaje otvorene optužbe ukazuje ne samo na njihovu zlovolju i ljutnju prema Isusu, već i na nedostatak poštovanja prema poštenju, časti i dostojanstvu Pilata. Bilo je vrlo drsko od ovih podređenih građana doći pred upravitelja njihove provincije i tražiti smrtnu kaznu protiv čovjeka bez poštenog suđenja i čak bez otvorene kriminalne optužbe protiv njega!
1955 185:2.5 Pilate knew something of Jesus’ work among the Jews, and he surmised that the charges which might be brought against him had to do with infringements of the Jewish ecclesiastical laws; therefore he sought to refer the case back to their own tribunal. Again, Pilate took delight in making them publicly confess that they were powerless to pronounce and execute the death sentence upon even one of their own race whom they had come to despise with a bitter and envious hatred.
2014 185:2.5 Pilat je već bio donekle upoznat s Isusovim radom među Židovima, i zaključio je da su se ove optužbe morale odnositi na kršenje židovskih vjerskih zakona; on je tako nastojao prenijeti odgovornost za ovaj slučaj natrag na njihov sud. Ponovo, Pilat je uživao u ovoj prilici da ih primora na javno priznanje njihove bespomoćnosti u donošenju osude i sprovedbi smrtne kazne čak i nad pripadnikom njihove vlastite rase prema kojem su osjećali gorku i zavidnu mržnju.
1955 185:2.6 It was a few hours previously, shortly before midnight and after he had granted permission to use Roman soldiers in effecting the secret arrest of Jesus, that Pilate had heard further concerning Jesus and his teaching from his wife, Claudia, who was a partial convert to Judaism, and who later on became a full-fledged believer in Jesus’ gospel.
2014 185:2.6 Nekoliko sati prije ovih događaja, kratko prije ponoći i nakon što je odobrio sudjelovanje rimskih vojnika u Isusovom tajnom uhićenju, Pilat je ponovo čuo o Isusu i njegovim učenjima od svoje supruge Klaudije koja je u to vrijeme djelomično prihvatila judaizam i koja je kasnije postala iskrena vjernica u Isusovo evanđelje.
1955 185:2.7 Pilate would have liked to postpone this hearing, but he saw the Jewish leaders were determined to proceed with the case. He knew that this was not only the forenoon of preparation for the Passover, but that this day, being Friday, was also the preparation day for the Jewish Sabbath of rest and worship.
2014 185:2.7 Pilat je želio odložiti cijeli slučaj za neku drugu priliku, ali je vidio da su židovske vođe bile odlučne nastaviti sa suđenjem. Znao je da to nije bilo samo jutro priprave za Pashu, nego da je ovaj petak bio dan pripreme za židovsku subotu, dan odmora i štovanja.
1955 185:2.8 Pilate, being keenly sensitive to the disrespectful manner of the approach of these Jews, was not willing to comply with their demands that Jesus be sentenced to death without a trial. When, therefore, he had waited a few moments for them to present their charges against the prisoner, he turned to them and said: “I will not sentence this man to death without a trial; neither will I consent to examine him until you have presented your charges against him in writing.”
2014 185:2.8 Pilat, koji je bio duboko svjestan nepoštovanja u načinu prilaza tih Židova, nije bio spreman prihvatiti njihove zahtjeve da osudi Isusa na smrt bez suđenja. Kad je, dakle, sačekao nekoliko trenutaka da im da priliku da iznesu svoje optužbe protiv ovog sužnja, okrenuo se okupljenima, govoreći: “Neću osuditi ovog čovjeka na smrt bez suđenja; niti ću ga pristati ispitati dok mi napismeno ne predočite svoje optužbe protiv njega.”
1955 185:2.9 When the high priest and the others heard Pilate say this, they signaled to the clerk of the court, who then handed to Pilate the written charges against Jesus. And these charges were:
2014 185:2.9 Kad su visoki svećenik i drugi čuli Pilatove riječi, dali su znak službeniku suda da preda Pilatu pismene optužbe protiv Isusa. I te su optužbe bile:
1955 185:2.10 “We find in the Sanhedrist tribunal that this man is an evildoer and a disturber of our nation in that he is guilty of:
2014 185:2.11 “1. Izopačenje naše nacije i poticaj naroda na pobunu.
1955 185:2.12 “2. Forbidding the people to pay tribute to Caesar.
2014 185:2.12 “2. Zabranu narodu da plaća porez Cezaru.
1955 185:2.13 “3. Calling himself the king of the Jews and teaching the founding of a new kingdom.”
2014 185:2.13 “3. To što sebe naziva kraljem Židova i uči o utemeljenju novog kraljevstva.”
1955 185:2.14 Jesus had not been regularly tried nor legally convicted on any of these charges. He did not even hear these charges when first stated, but Pilate had him brought from the praetorium, where he was in the keeping of the guards, and he insisted that these charges be repeated in Jesus’ hearing.
2014 185:2.14 Isus nije primio bilo sudsku istragu ili zakonito suđenje na temelju i jedne od ovih optužbi. On isprva nije mogao čuti svoje optužbe, ali Pilat je naredio da ga dovedu iz pretorija gdje je bio pod prismotrom stražara i da ih ponovo pročitaju, ovaj put pred njim.
1955 185:2.15 When Jesus heard these accusations, he well knew that he had not been heard on these matters before the Jewish court, and so did John Zebedee and his accusers, but he made no reply to their false charges. Even when Pilate bade him answer his accusers, he opened not his mouth. Pilate was so astonished at the unfairness of the whole proceeding and so impressed by Jesus’ silent and masterly bearing that he decided to take the prisoner inside the hall and examine him privately.
2014 185:2.15 Kad je Isus čuo zašto je optužen, dobro je znao da su ga prvo trebali izvesti pred židovski sud u cilju istrage ovih pitanja, a to su znali i Ivan Zebedejev i njegovi tužitelji, ali on nije odgovorio na njihove lažne optužbe. Čak i kad ga je Pilat počeo poticati da odgovori svojim optužiteljima, on nije progovorio ni riječi. Pilat je bio tako zapanjen nepoštenjem cijelog procesa i toliko impresioniran Isusovim tihim i dostojanstvenim držanjem da je odlučio uvesti sužnja u sudnicu i tu ga nasamo ispitati.
1955 185:2.16 Pilate was confused in mind, fearful of the Jews in his heart, and mightily stirred in his spirit by the spectacle of Jesus’ standing there in majesty before his bloodthirsty accusers and gazing down on them, not in silent contempt, but with an expression of genuine pity and sorrowful affection.
2014 185:2.16 Pilat je bio zbunjen u svom umu i bojažljiv pred Židovima u svom srcu, ali je u duhu bio duboko dirnut prizorom Isusovog dostojanstvenog stava i pogledom kojim je promatrao svoje krvožedne tužitelje, koji je odisao ne tihim prezirom, nego iskrenim sažaljenjem i bolnom ljubavlju.
¶ 3. PILAT NASAMO ISPITUJE ISUSA
3. THE PRIVATE EXAMINATION BY PILATE
3. PILAT NASAMO ISPITUJE ISUSA
1955 185:3.1 Pilate took Jesus and John Zebedee into a private chamber, leaving the guards outside in the hall, and requesting the prisoner to sit down, he sat down by his side and asked several questions. Pilate began his talk with Jesus by assuring him that he did not believe the first count against him: that he was a perverter of the nation and an inciter to rebellion. Then he asked, “Did you ever teach that tribute should be refused Caesar?” Jesus, pointing to John, said, “Ask him or any other man who has heard my teaching.” Then Pilate questioned John about this matter of tribute, and John testified concerning his Master’s teaching and explained that Jesus and his apostles paid taxes both to Caesar and to the temple. When Pilate had questioned John, he said, “See that you tell no man that I talked with you.” And John never did reveal this matter.
2014 185:3.1 Pilat je poveo Isusa i Ivana Zebedejevog u svoje privatne odaje i ostavljajući stražare u predvorju, tražio od sužnja da sjedne, dok je on sam sjeo pored njega i postavio mu nekoliko pitanja[6]. Pilat je započeo razgovor s Isusom uvjeravajući ga da ni sam nije vjerovao u prvu optužbu protiv njega: da izopačuje naciju i potiče narod na pobunu. Potom je upitao, “Jesi li ikada zabranjivao narodu plaćanje danka Cezaru?” Pokazujući na Ivana, Isus je uzvratio:“Pitaj njega ili bilo kojeg drugog čovjeka koji je čuo moja učenja[7].” Pilat je zatim upitao Ivana o pitanju poreza i Ivan je svjedočio Učiteljev nauk o ovom pitanju i objasnio da su Isus i njegovi apostoli plaćali porez caru kao i danak hramu. Nakon što je ispitao Ivana, Pilat je rekao: “Nikome ne kazuj da sam s tobom govorio.” Ivan nikada nije obznanio ovaj događaj.
1955 185:3.2 Pilate then turned around to question Jesus further, saying: “And now about the third accusation against you, are you the king of the Jews?” Since there was a tone of possibly sincere inquiry in Pilate’s voice, Jesus smiled on the procurator and said: “Pilate, do you ask this for yourself, or do you take this question from these others, my accusers?” Whereupon, in a tone of partial indignation, the governor answered: “Am I a Jew? Your own people and the chief priests delivered you up and asked me to sentence you to death. I question the validity of their charges and am only trying to find out for myself what you have done. Tell me, have you said that you are the king of the Jews, and have you sought to found a new kingdom?”
2014 185:3.2 Pilat se zatim dalje obratio Isusu, rekavši: “A sada što se tiče treće optužbe, jesi li ti kralj židovski?” Budući da se u Pilatovom glasu eventualno mogao razabrati ton iskrene radoznalosti, Isus se nasmijao i odgovorio prokuratoru: “Pilate, kažeš li to sam od sebe ili to pitaš u ime drugih, mojih tužitelja?” Na to je upravitelj odgovorio s nešto ogorčenja u glasu: “Zar sam ja Židov? Tvoj narod i glavari svećenički meni su te predali tražeći da te optužim na smrt[8][9]. Ja ispitujem valjanost njihovih optužbi i samo za sebe pokušavam utvrditi što si učinio. Reci mi, jesi li rekao da si kralj Židova i jesi li nastojao utemeljiti novo kraljevstvo?”
1955 185:3.3 Then said Jesus to Pilate: “Do you not perceive that my kingdom is not of this world? If my kingdom were of this world, surely would my disciples fight that I should not be delivered into the hands of the Jews. My presence here before you in these bonds is sufficient to show all men that my kingdom is a spiritual dominion, even the brotherhood of men who, through faith and by love, have become the sons of God. And this salvation is for the gentile as well as for the Jew.”
2014 185:3.3 Isus je zatim odgovorio Pilatu: “Ne shvaćaš li da moje kraljevstvo nije od ovoga svijeta? Kad bi moje kraljevstvo bilo od ovoga svijeta, moji bi se sljedbenici borili da ne budem predan u ruke Židova[10]. Sama moja prisutnost ovdje u ovim sponama je dovoljan dokaz da je moje kraljevstvo duhovna vlast, bratstvo ljudi koji po vjeri i ljubavi postaju sinovi Božji. I ovo je spasenje za nežidova kao i za Židova.”
1955 185:3.4 “Then you are a king after all?” said Pilate. And Jesus answered: “Yes, I am such a king, and my kingdom is the family of the faith sons of my Father who is in heaven. For this purpose was I born into this world, even that I should show my Father to all men and bear witness to the truth of God. And even now do I declare to you that every one who loves the truth hears my voice.”
2014 185:3.4 “Onda si kralj, naposljetku,” rekao je Pilat. A Isus je odgovorio: ”Dobro veliš, ja sam kralj, a moje je kraljevstvo u obitelji sinova vjere moga Oca koji je na nebesima. U tu svrhu sam rođen na ovom svijetu i zato sam tu došao da pokažem svoga Oca svim ljudima i da svjedočim istinu Božju[11]. I sada kažem da svaki koji ljubi istinu, čuje moj glas[12].”
1955 185:3.6 Pilate was not able to fathom Jesus’ words, nor was he able to understand the nature of his spiritual kingdom, but he was now certain that the prisoner had done nothing worthy of death. One look at Jesus, face to face, was enough to convince even Pilate that this gentle and weary, but majestic and upright, man was no wild and dangerous revolutionary who aspired to establish himself on the temporal throne of Israel. Pilate thought he understood something of what Jesus meant when he called himself a king, for he was familiar with the teachings of the Stoics, who declared that “the wise man is king.” Pilate was thoroughly convinced that, instead of being a dangerous seditionmonger, Jesus was nothing more or less than a harmless visionary, an innocent fanatic.
2014 185:3.6 Dok Pilat nije bio u stanju bilo shvatiti Isusove riječi ili spoznati prirodu njegovog duhovnog kraljevstva, on je sada bio siguran da sužanj nije učinio ništa što bi zaslužilo smrtnu kaznu. Jedan pogled na Isusa, licem u lice, je bio dovoljan da uvjeri i samog Pilata da ovaj nježni i izmučeni, ali veličanstveni i dostojanstveni čovjek, nije bio neobuzdani i opasni revolucionarni buntovnik koji je tražio svoje utemeljenje na zemaljskom prijestolju Palestine. Pilat je mislio da je uspio razumjeti dio razloga iz kojeg se Isus nazivao kraljem, jer je bio upoznat s učenjem stoika koji su govorili "mudar čovjek je kralj." Pilat je bio posve uvjeren da Isus nije bio opasni buntovnik, već ni manje ni više nego bezopasni vizionar, bezazleni fanatik.
1955 185:3.7 After questioning the Master, Pilate went back to the chief priests and the accusers of Jesus and said: “I have examined this man, and I find no fault in him. I do not think he is guilty of the charges you have made against him; I think he ought to be set free.” And when the Jews heard this, they were moved with great anger, so much so that they wildly shouted that Jesus should die; and one of the Sanhedrists boldly stepped up by the side of Pilate, saying: “This man stirs up the people, beginning in Galilee and continuing throughout all Judea. He is a mischief-maker and an evildoer. You will long regret it if you let this wicked man go free.”
2014 185:3.7 Nakon ispitivanja Učitelja, Pilat se vratio glavnim svećenicima i Isusovim optužiteljima i rekao: “Ja sam ispitao ovoga čovjeka, i ne nalazim u njemu nikakve krivnje[14]. Ne vjerujem da je kriv za optužbe koje ste napravili protiv njega; mislim da ga trebamo pustiti na slobodu.” A kad su Židovi to čuli, jako su se naljutili i počeli bijesno vikati i tražiti Isusovu smrt; a jedan je pripadnik Velikog vijeća hrabro stao pred Pilata, govoreći: “Ovaj čovjek buni narod, od Galileje po svoj Judeji[15]. On je smutljivac i zločinac. Pokajat ćete se ako oslobodite ovog zlotvora.”
1955 185:3.8 Pilate was hard pressed to know what to do with Jesus; therefore, when he heard them say that he began his work in Galilee, he thought to avoid the responsibility of deciding the case, at least to gain time for thought, by sending Jesus to appear before Herod, who was then in the city attending the Passover. Pilate also thought that this gesture would help to antidote some of the bitter feeling which had existed for some time between himself and Herod, due to numerous misunderstandings over matters of jurisdiction.
2014 185:3.8 Pilat nije znao što će učiniti s Isusom; stoga, kad je čuo kako kažu da je Isus započeo svoj rad u Galileji, pokušao je izbjeći odgovornost za donošenje ove odluke ili barem steći vremena da razmisli o svemu, i tako je poslao Isusa Herodu koji je bio u Jeruzalemu preko Pashe[16]. Pilat je mislio da će na tan način ublažiti dugogodišnje neprijateljstvo u svom odnosu s Herodom koje je bilo rezultat mnogobrojnih nesporazuma u upravnim pitanjima[17].
¶ 3. ISUS PRED HERODOM
4. JESUS BEFORE HEROD
3. ISUS PRED HERODOM
1955 185:4.1 When Herod Antipas stopped in Jerusalem, he dwelt in the old Maccabean palace of Herod the Great, and it was to this home of the former king that Jesus was now taken by the temple guards, and he was followed by his accusers and an increasing multitude. Herod had long heard of Jesus, and he was very curious about him. When the Son of Man stood before him, on this Friday morning, the wicked Idumean never for one moment recalled the lad of former years who had appeared before him in Sepphoris pleading for a just decision regarding the money due his father, who had been accidentally killed while at work on one of the public buildings. As far as Herod knew, he had never seen Jesus, although he had worried a great deal about him when his work had been centered in Galilee. Now that he was in custody of Pilate and the Judeans, Herod was desirous of seeing him, feeling secure against any trouble from him in the future. Herod had heard much about the miracles wrought by Jesus, and he really hoped to see him do some wonder.
2014 185:4.1 Kako je Herod Antipa prilikom posjete Jeruzalemu obično boravio u staroj makabejskoj palači Heroda Velikog, stražari su odveli Isusa u ovaj dom negdašnjeg kralja, u pratnji Isusovih tužitelja i sve većeg mnoštva ljudi. Herod je već čuo za Isusa, i odavno ga je želio upoznati. Kad je u petak ujutro Sin Čovječji stao pred Heroda, ovaj zli Idumejac ni na tranutak nije prepoznao mladića koji je nekoć stajao pred njim u Seforisu tražeći pravdu u isplati Herodovog duga njegovom ocu koji je nesrećnim slučajem poginuo radeći na jednoj od njegovih javnih zgrada. Herod nije bio svjestan da je ikada vidio Isusa, iako mu je Isusovo učenje zadalo dosta brige kad se najvećim dijelom odvijalo u Galileji. Sad kad je Isus bio u pritvoru Pilata i Judejaca, Herod je želio da ga vidi, osjećajući se sigurnim od bilo kakvih budućih problema. Herod je mnogo čuo o Isusovim čudima, i nadao se da će vidjeti kako Isus izvodi jedno od svojih čuda[19].
1955 185:4.2 When they brought Jesus before Herod, the tetrarch was startled by his stately appearance and the calm composure of his countenance. For some fifteen minutes Herod asked Jesus questions, but the Master would not answer. Herod taunted and dared him to perform a miracle, but Jesus would not reply to his many inquiries or respond to his taunts.
2014 185:4.2 Kad su stražari doveli Isusa pred Heroda, tetrarh se zaprepastio ugledavši Isusovo dostojanstvo i smireni spokoj njegovog lica. Herod je nastavi ispitivati Isusa još nekih petnaest minuta, ali mu Učitelj nije htio odgovoriti[20]. Herod ga je zatim počeo vrijeđati i pozivati da se usudi izvesti neko čudo, ali Isus nije odgovorio bilo na njegova pitanja ili na njegove uvrede.
1955 185:4.3 Then Herod turned to the chief priests and the Sadducees and, giving ear to their accusations, heard all and more than Pilate had listened to regarding the alleged evil doings of the Son of Man. Finally, being convinced that Jesus would neither talk nor perform a wonder for him, Herod, after making fun of him for a time, arrayed him in an old purple royal robe and sent him back to Pilate. Herod knew he had no jurisdiction over Jesus in Judea. Though he was glad to believe that he was finally to be rid of Jesus in Galilee, he was thankful that it was Pilate who had the responsibility of putting him to death. Herod never had fully recovered from the fear that cursed him as a result of killing John the Baptist. Herod had at certain times even feared that Jesus was John risen from the dead. Now he was relieved of that fear since he observed that Jesus was a very different sort of person from the outspoken and fiery prophet who dared to expose and denounce his private life.
2014 185:4.3 Herod se zatim okrenuo visokim svećenicima i saducejima i saslušao njihove optužbe, iste one i još neke nove koje su rekli Pilatu o navodnim zločinima Sina Čovječjeg. Konačno, kad se uvjerio da Isus neće bilo progovoriti ili učiniti neko čudo za njega, Herod ga je prvo neko vrijeme izrugivao, a zatim ogrnuo skrletnom kabanicom i poslao natrag Pilatu[21]. Herod je znao da nije imao nadležnosti nad Isusom u Judeji. Iako mu je bilo drago da se konačno riješi Isusa u Galileji, bio je zahvalan što je Pilat snosio odgovornost za odluku o njegovoj smrti. Herod se nikada nije u potpunosti oporavio od straha koji ga je prokleo zbog ubojstva Ivana Krstitelja. Herod je neko vrijeme strahovao da je Isus bio uskrsnuti Ivan. Sada se oslobodio tog straha jer je svojim očima vidio da je Isus bio posve različita vrsta osobe od otvorenog i ljutog proroka koji se usudio raskrinkati i osuditi Herodov privatni život.
¶ 5. ISUS PONOVO IDE PRED PILATA
5. JESUS RETURNS TO PILATE
5. ISUS PONOVO IDE PRED PILATA
1955 185:5.1 When the guards had brought Jesus back to Pilate, he went out on the front steps of the praetorium, where his judgment seat had been placed, and calling together the chief priests and Sanhedrists, said to them: “You brought this man before me with charges that he perverts the people, forbids the payment of taxes, and claims to be king of the Jews. I have examined him and fail to find him guilty of these charges. In fact, I find no fault in him. Then I sent him to Herod, and the tetrarch must have reached the same conclusion since he has sent him back to us. Certainly, nothing worthy of death has been done by this man. If you still think he needs to be disciplined, I am willing to chastise him before I release him.”
2014 185:5.1 Kad su stražari doveli Isusa natrag k Pilatu, ovaj je izišao na stube pretorija gdje je bila smještena njegova sudačka stolica, i pozivajući visoke svećenike i pripadnike Velikog vijeća, rekao: “Doveli ste mi ovoga čovjeka pod optužbom da poziva narod na pobunu, da zabranjuje plaćanje poreza i da tvrdi da je kralj Židova. Evo, ja sam ga ispitao i ne vidim njegovu krivicu za vaše optužbe. Ustvari, ja ne vidim u njemu nikakve krivnje[22]. Tada sam ga poslao Herodu i tetrarh je zacijelo donio isti zaključak, jer ga je poslao natrag k nama. Dakako, ovaj čovjek nije učinio ništa što zaslužuje smrt. Ako i dalje mislite da zaslužuje kaznu, ja sam ga spreman išibati prije nego ga pustim na slobodu.”
1955 185:5.2 Just as the Jews were about to engage in shouting their protests against the release of Jesus, a vast crowd came marching up to the praetorium for the purpose of asking Pilate for the release of a prisoner in honor of the Passover feast. For some time it had been the custom of the Roman governors to allow the populace to choose some imprisoned or condemned man for pardon at the time of the Passover. And now that this crowd had come before him to ask for the release of a prisoner, and since Jesus had so recently been in great favor with the multitudes, it occurred to Pilate that he might possibly extricate himself from his predicament by proposing to this group that, since Jesus was now a prisoner before his judgment seat, he release to them this man of Galilee as the token of Passover good will.
2014 185:5.2 Upravo kad su se Židovi spremili ljutito povikati protiv Isusovog oslobođenja, velika masa ljudi je prišla pretoriju tražeći od Pilata da oslobodi jednog sužnja u čast Pashe[23]. Već neko vrijeme, rimski upravitelji su imali običaj da oslobode jednog sužnja ili optuženika u ime Pashe. A sad, kad je svjetina došla pred njega tražeći oslobođenje sužnja i kako je znao da je Isus već dugo uživao naklonost naroda, Pilatu je sinulo da se može izvući iz ove nevolje ako, budući da je Isus bio jedan od sužanja pred njegovom sudačkom stolicom, predloži svjetini da oslobodi ovog Galilejca u znak njegove dobre volje prilikom Pashe[24].
1955 185:5.3 As the crowd surged up on the steps of the building, Pilate heard them calling out the name of one Barabbas. Barabbas was a noted political agitator and murderous robber, the son of a priest, who had recently been apprehended in the act of robbery and murder on the Jericho road. This man was under sentence to die as soon as the Passover festivities were over.
2014 185:5.3 Kako se svjetina počela penjati stepenicama, Pilat je mogao razabrati u njihovom žamoru ime određenog Barabe[25]. Baraba je bio poznati politički agitator i ubojiti razbojnik, sin svećenika koji je nedavno uhićen u činu pljačke i ubojstva na putu za Jerihon[26]. Taj je čovjek bio osuđen na smrt neposredno po svršetku Pashe.
1955 185:5.4 Pilate stood up and explained to the crowd that Jesus had been brought to him by the chief priests, who sought to have him put to death on certain charges, and that he did not think the man was worthy of death. Said Pilate: “Which, therefore, would you prefer that I release to you, this Barabbas, the murderer, or this Jesus of Galilee?” And when Pilate had thus spoken, the chief priests and the Sanhedrin councilors all shouted at the top of their voices, “Barabbas, Barabbas!” And when the people saw that the chief priests were minded to have Jesus put to death, they quickly joined in the clamor for his life while they loudly shouted for the release of Barabbas.
2014 185:5.4 Pilat je ustao i objasnio svjetini da su visoki svećenici optužili Isusa i izveli ga na sud tražeći njegovu smrtnu kaznu za određene optužbe, a da on nije našao u njemu krivnje koja zaslužuje smrt. Pilat je rekao: “Hoćete li, dakle, da vam pustim ovog Barabu, ubojicu, ili ovog Isusa iz Galileje?” A kad je Pilat tako rekao, glavni svećenici i savjetnici Velikog vijeća su svi povikali iz sveg glasa, “Barabu, Barabu!” I kad su ljudi vidjeli kako glavni svećenici složno traže Isusovu smrtnu kaznu, spremno su se pridružili, glasno uzvikujući i tražeći njegovu smrt i oslobođenje Barabe[27][28].
1955 185:5.5 A few days before this the multitude had stood in awe of Jesus, but the mob did not look up to one who, having claimed to be the Son of God, now found himself in the custody of the chief priests and the rulers and on trial before Pilate for his life. Jesus could be a hero in the eyes of the populace when he was driving the money-changers and the traders out of the temple, but not when he was a nonresisting prisoner in the hands of his enemies and on trial for his life.
2014 185:5.5 Nekoliko dana prije ovih događaja mnoštvo se divilo Isusu, ali nisu se dugo divili onome koji je nekoć tvrdio da je Sin Božji, a sad je bio u pritvoru glavnih svećenika i vladara pred Pilatom koji je odlučivao o njegovom životu. Isus je mogao biti heroj u očima svjetine dok je izgonio trgovce i mjenjače novca iz hrama, ali to nije mogao biti dok je bez otpora bio sužanj u rukama svojih neprijatelja na suđenju koje je trebalo odlučiti o njegovom životu.
1955 185:5.6 Pilate was angered at the sight of the chief priests clamoring for the pardon of a notorious murderer while they shouted for the blood of Jesus. He saw their malice and hatred and perceived their prejudice and envy. Therefore he said to them: “How could you choose the life of a murderer in preference to this man’s whose worst crime is that he figuratively calls himself the king of the Jews?” But this was not a wise statement for Pilate to make. The Jews were a proud people, now subject to the Roman political yoke but hoping for the coming of a Messiah who would deliver them from gentile bondage with a great show of power and glory. They resented, more than Pilate could know, the intimation that this meek-mannered teacher of strange doctrines, now under arrest and charged with crimes worthy of death, should be referred to as “the king of the Jews.” They looked upon such a remark as an insult to everything which they held sacred and honorable in their national existence, and therefore did they all let loose their mighty shouts for Barabbas’s release and Jesus’ death.
2014 185:5.6 Pilat se ljutio gledajući kako glavni svećenici traže oslobođenje zloglasnog ubojice, dok u isto vrijeme žele Isusovu smrt. Opažao je njihovu zlobu i mržnju, i spoznao je njihovu zavist i predrasude. Zato im je rekao: “Kako možete tražiti život ubojice i smrt ovog čovjeka čiji je jedini zločin u tome da sebe figurativno naziva kraljem židovskim?” Ali Pilat nije mudro odabrao ove riječi.Židovi su bili ponosan narod koji se trenutno nalazio pod rimskim političkim jarmom, ali koji se nadao dolasku Mesije da ih oslobodi od robovanja nežidovima s velikim prikazom snage i slave. Oni su jako zamjerili - više nego što je Pilat mogao i zamisliti - što se usudio aludirati da je ovaj krotki i ponizni učitelj čudnih doktrina koji je trenutno bio u njihovom pritvoru pod prijetnjom smrtne kazne, mogao nositi naziv “kralja Židova.” Oni su smatrali ove riječi uvredom svemu svetom i časnom u njihovoj nacionalnoj egzistenciji i stoga su još glasnije počeli zagovarati Barabino oslobođenje i Isusovu smrt[29].
1955 185:5.7 Pilate knew Jesus was innocent of the charges brought against him, and had he been a just and courageous judge, he would have acquitted him and turned him loose. But he was afraid to defy these angry Jews, and while he hesitated to do his duty, a messenger came up and presented him with a sealed message from his wife, Claudia.
2014 185:5.7 Pilat je znao da Isus nije bio kriv za njihove optužbe. Da je Pilat bio pravedan i hrabar sudac, on bi ga oslobodio od optužbi i pustio na slobodu[30]. Ali Pilat se bojao prkositi tim razljućenim Židovima i dok je oklijevao učiniti svoju dužnost, ušao je glasnik i dao mu zatvorenu poruku od njegove supruge Klaudije.
1955 185:5.8 Pilate indicated to those assembled before him that he wished to read the communication which he had just received before he proceeded further with the matter before him. When Pilate opened this letter from his wife, he read: “I pray you have nothing to do with this innocent and just man whom they call Jesus. I have suffered many things in a dream this night because of him.” This note from Claudia not only greatly upset Pilate and thereby delayed the adjudication of this matter, but it unfortunately also provided considerable time in which the Jewish rulers freely circulated among the crowd and urged the people to call for the release of Barabbas and to clamor for the crucifixion of Jesus.
2014 185:5.8 Pilat je dao znak okupljenima da je želio pročitati poruku prije nego što donese odluku o ovom pitanju. Kad je Pilat otvorio pismo od svoje žene, ono je glasilo: “Nemoj se nikako miješati u stvar toga nedužnog pravednika po imenu Isus. Sinoć sam u snu mnogo pretrpjela zbog njega[31].” Ova Klaudijina poruka ne samo što je jako uznemirila Pilata i tako odgodila donošenje njegove odluke, već je nažalost dala vremena židovskim vladarima da se rašire među svjetinom i da potaknu narod da traži oslobođenje Barabe i razapinjanje Isusa[32].
1955 185:5.9 Finally, Pilate addressed himself once more to the solution of the problem which confronted him, by asking the mixed assembly of Jewish rulers and the pardon-seeking crowd, “What shall I do with him who is called the king of the Jews?” And they all shouted with one accord, “Crucify him! Crucify him!” The unanimity of this demand from the mixed multitude startled and alarmed Pilate, the unjust and fear-ridden judge.
2014 185:5.9 Konačno, Pilat se još jednom obratio narodu da riješi problem s kojim je bio suočen, kad je pitao miješani skup židovskih vladara i naroda koji je došao tražiti da im pusti jednog sužnja, “Što da onda učinim s onim koga zovete kraljem židovskim?” A oni su svi jednim glasom povikali, “Razapni ga! Razapni ga!” Istomišljenost ove mješovite grupe je iznenadila i uznemirila Pilata, ovog nepoštenog i bojažljivog suca[33].
1955 185:5.11 Then again Pilate appealed to them regarding the release of the Passover prisoner, saying: “Once more I ask you, which of these prisoners shall I release to you at this, your Passover time?” And again the crowd shouted, “Give us Barabbas!”
2014 185:5.11 Pilat se ponovo pozvao na običaj otpuštanja jednog sužnja na blagdan Pashe, govoreći: “Još jednom vas pitam, kojeg od ove dvojice sužanja da pustim za Pashu?” I opet je gomila povikala, “Pusti Barabu!”
1955 185:5.12 Then said Pilate: “If I release the murderer, Barabbas, what shall I do with Jesus?” And once more the multitude shouted in unison, “Crucify him! Crucify him!”
2014 185:5.12 Pilat je onda rekao: “Ako otpustim ubojicu, Barabu, što mi je učiniti s Isusom?” I još jednom je mnoštvo uzvikivalo jednoglasno, “Razapni ga! Razapni ga!”
1955 185:5.13 Pilate was terrorized by the insistent clamor of the mob, acting under the direct leadership of the chief priests and the councilors of the Sanhedrin; nevertheless, he decided upon at least one more attempt to appease the crowd and save Jesus.
2014 185:5.13 Pilat je bio užasnut ustrajnim povicima svjetine, koja je bila pod upravom visokih svećenika i savjetnika Velikog vijeća; unatoč tome, odlučio je barem još jednom pokušati smiriti svjetinu i spasiti Isusa.
¶ 6. PILATOV POSLJEDNJI APEL
6. PILATE’S LAST APPEAL
6. PILATOV POSLJEDNJI APEL
1955 185:6.1 In all that is transpiring early this Friday morning before Pilate, only the enemies of Jesus are participating. His many friends either do not yet know of his night arrest and early morning trial or are in hiding lest they also be apprehended and adjudged worthy of death because they believe Jesus’ teachings. In the multitude which now clamors for the Master’s death are to be found only his sworn enemies and the easily led and unthinking populace.
2014 185:6.1 U svemu što se dogodilo u petak pred Pilatom, sudjelovali su samo Isusovi neprijatelji. Mnogi njegovi prijatelji bilo nisu znali o njegovom uhićenju prethodne noći i ranom jutarnjem suđenju, ili su provodili ove sate skriveni da i sami ne budu uhićeni i podvrgnuti smrti jer su vjerovali u Isusova učenja. Među svjetinom koja je sada tražila Učiteljevu smrt bili su samo njegovi zakleti neprijatelji i lakovjeran i lakomislen narod.
1955 185:6.2 Pilate would make one last appeal to their pity. Being afraid to defy the clamor of this misled mob who cried for the blood of Jesus, he ordered the Jewish guards and the Roman soldiers to take Jesus and scourge him. This was in itself an unjust and illegal procedure since the Roman law provided that only those condemned to die by crucifixion should be thus subjected to scourging. The guards took Jesus into the open courtyard of the praetorium for this ordeal. Though his enemies did not witness this scourging, Pilate did, and before they had finished this wicked abuse, he directed the scourgers to desist and indicated that Jesus should be brought to him. Before the scourgers laid their knotted whips upon Jesus as he was bound to the whipping post, they again put upon him the purple robe, and plaiting a crown of thorns, they placed it upon his brow. And when they had put a reed in his hand as a mock scepter, they knelt before him and mocked him, saying, “Hail, king of the Jews!” And they spit upon him and struck him in the face with their hands. And one of them, before they returned him to Pilate, took the reed from his hand and struck him upon the head.
2014 185:6.2 Pilat je posljednji put apelirao na njihovo sažaljenje. Kako se bojao prkositi povicima svjetine koja je tražila Isusovu krv, naredio je židovskim stražarima i rimskim vojnicima da odvedu Isusa i da ga bičuju[35]. To je samo po sebi bilo nepravedno i nezakonito, jer je rimski zakon dopuštao da samo oni osuđeni na smrt razapinjanjem budu podvrgnuti bičevanju. Stražari su odveli Isusa u otvoreno dvorište pretorija za ovu tešku kušnju. Iako njegovi neprijatelji nisu svjedočili bičevanje, Pilat je bio prisutan i prije nego što su završili ovo opako zlostavljanje, naredio je mučiteljima da prestanu i da mu dovedu Isusa. Prije no što su mučitelji spustili svoje čvoraste bičeve na Isusovo tijelo pričvršćeno na mučenički stup, ponovo su ga ogrnuli skrletnom kabanicom i opleli trnovu krunu kojom su ga okrunili. A kad su ugurali trsku u njegovu desnicu kao tobožnje žezlo, kleknuli su pred njega i klanjali se, govoreći: “Zdravo, kralju židovski!” A onda su ga pljuvali i udarali rukama po licu. Jedan od njih, prije nego što se vratio Pilatu, uzeo je trsku iz Isusove ruke i počeo ga njome udarati po glavi[36].
1955 185:6.4 There stood Jesus of Nazareth, clothed in an old purple royal robe with a crown of thorns piercing his kindly brow. His face was bloodstained and his form bowed down with suffering and grief. But nothing can appeal to the unfeeling hearts of those who are victims of intense emotional hatred and slaves to religious prejudice. This sight sent a mighty shudder through the realms of a vast universe, but it did not touch the hearts of those who had set their minds to effect the destruction of Jesus.
2014 185:6.4 Tu je stajao Isus iz Nazareta ogrnut skrletnom kraljevskom kabanicom s krunom od trnja koja se usjekla u njegovo ljubazno čelo. Lice mu je bilo obliveno krvlju, a tijelo pognuto od muke i bola. Ali ništa nije moglo dirnuti bezosjećajna srca ovih žrtava snažne emocionalne mržnje, ovih robova religiozne predrasude. Ovaj je prizor izazvao veliku jezu u bićima prostranog svemira, ali nije dirnuo srca onih koji su tako čvrsto usmjerili svoje umove i srca na Isusovo uništenje.
1955 185:6.6 And now did Pilate comprehend that it was futile to appeal to their supposed feelings of pity. He stepped forward and said: “I perceive that you are determined this man shall die, but what has he done to deserve death? Who will declare his crime?”
2014 185:6.6 Pilat je tada shvatio da ništa nije moglo apelirati na njihov navodni osjećaj sažaljenja. Zakoračio je pred narod i rekao: “Vidim da ste odlučni u namjeri da uništite ovog čovjeka, ali što je učinio da zasluži smrt? Tko će mu naći krivnje?”
1955 185:6.7 Then the high priest himself stepped forward and, going up to Pilate, angrily declared: “We have a sacred law, and by that law this man ought to die because he made himself out to be the Son of God.” When Pilate heard this, he was all the more afraid, not only of the Jews, but recalling his wife’s note and the Greek mythology of the gods coming down on earth, he now trembled at the thought of Jesus possibly being a divine personage. He waved to the crowd to hold its peace while he took Jesus by the arm and again led him inside the building that he might further examine him. Pilate was now confused by fear, bewildered by superstition, and harassed by the stubborn attitude of the mob.
2014 185:6.7 Tada je sam veliki svećenik zakoračio naprijed i idući prema Pilatu ljutito rekao: “Mi imamo sveti zakon i po tome zakonu ovaj čovjek mora umrijeti, jer se pravio Sinom Božjim[39].” Kad je Pilat čuo te riječi, još se više pobojao, ne samo od Židova, već i od sjećanja na poruku svoje supruge i pomisao na grčku mitoligiju koja govori o silasku bogova na zemlju, strahujući pri pomisli da je Isus doista mogao biti božanska osoba. Dao je znak svjetini da se stiša, i ponovo uzeo Isusa pod ruku i poveo ga u pretorij da ga dalje ispita. Pilat je sada bio zbunjen strahom, zaveden praznovjerjem i nepopustljivim stavom svjetine.
¶ 7. PILATOV POSLJEDNJI RAZGOVOR S ISUSOM
7. PILATE’S LAST INTERVIEW
7. PILATOV POSLJEDNJI RAZGOVOR S ISUSOM
1955 185:7.1 As Pilate, trembling with fearful emotion, sat down by the side of Jesus, he inquired: “Where do you come from? Really, who are you? What is this they say, that you are the Son of God?”
1955 185:7.2 But Jesus could hardly answer such questions when asked by a man-fearing, weak, and vacillating judge who was so unjust as to subject him to flogging even when he had declared him innocent of all crime, and before he had been duly sentenced to die. Jesus looked Pilate straight in the face, but he did not answer him. Then said Pilate: “Do you refuse to speak to me? Do you not realize that I still have power to release you or to crucify you?” Then said Jesus: “You could have no power over me except it were permitted from above. You could exercise no authority over the Son of Man unless the Father in heaven allowed it. But you are not so guilty since you are ignorant of the gospel. He who betrayed me and he who delivered me to you, they have the greater sin.”
2014 185:7.2 Ali Isus je teško mogao odgovoriti na ova pitanja koja je postavio ovaj slabi i neodlučni sudac koji ga je tako nepošteno podvrgao šibanju čak i nakon što ga je proglasio nevinim od svih zločina i prije nego što ga je uredno osudio na smrt. Isus je pogledao Pilata u oči, ali mu nije odgovorio[41]. Zatim je Pilat rekao: “Meni ne odgovaraš? Ne znaš li da imam vlast osloboditi te i da imam vlast razapeti te?” Tada je Isus rekao: “Ti ne bi imao nikakve vlasti nada mnom, kad ti ne bi bilo dano odozgo. Ne bi mogao ispoljiti nikakvu vlast nad Sinom Čovječjim da ti Otac na nebu nije dopustio. Ali nije na tebi tolika krivnja jer ne poznaješ evađelje kraljevstva. Zato je onomu koji me tebi predade veći grijeh[42].”
1955 185:7.3 This last talk with Jesus thoroughly frightened Pilate. This moral coward and judicial weakling now labored under the double weight of the superstitious fear of Jesus and mortal dread of the Jewish leaders.
2014 185:7.3 Ovaj posljednji razgovor s Isusom je jako uplašio Pilata. Ova moralna kukavica i pravosudni slabić je sada patio pod dvostrukim teretom praznovjernog straha od Isusa i smrtnog straha od židovskih vođa.
1955 185:7.4 Again Pilate appeared before the crowd, saying: “I am certain this man is only a religious offender. You should take him and judge him by your law. Why should you expect that I would consent to his death because he has clashed with your traditions?”
2014 185:7.4 Pilat se ponovo obratio svjetini, govoreći:“Uvjeren sam da je ovaj čovjek jedino religiozni prijestupnik. Uzmite ga vi, pa mu sudite po vašem zakonu. Zašto očekujete od mene da pristanem na njegovu smrt zato što se sukobio s vašim tradicijama?”
1955 185:7.5 Pilate was just about ready to release Jesus when Caiaphas, the high priest, approached the cowardly Roman judge and, shaking an avenging finger in Pilate’s face, said with angry words which the entire multitude could hear: “If you release this man, you are not Caesar’s friend, and I will see that the emperor knows all.” This public threat was too much for Pilate. Fear for his personal fortunes now eclipsed all other considerations, and the cowardly governor ordered Jesus brought out before the judgment seat. As the Master stood there before them, he pointed to him and tauntingly said, “Behold your king.” And the Jews answered, “Away with him. Crucify him!” And then Pilate said, with much irony and sarcasm, “Shall I crucify your king?” And the Jews answered, “Yes, crucify him! We have no king but Caesar.” And then did Pilate realize that there was no hope of saving Jesus since he was unwilling to defy the Jews.
2014 185:7.5 Pilat se upravo spremao osloboditi Isusa kad je ovom plašljivom rimskom sucu prišao visoki svećenik Kaifa i osvetoljubivo upirući prstom u Pilatovo lice, na sav glas ljutito rekao: “Ako oslobodiš ovog čovjeka, nisi prijatelj cara i ja ću ga osobno o tome informirati.” Ova je javna prijetnja bila više nego što je Pilat bio u stanju podnijeti. Strah od gubitka osobnog bogatstva zasjenio je sve druge bojazni i plašljivi je upravitelj naredio da izvedu Isusa pred njegovu sudačku stolicu. Dok je Učitelj stajao pred njim, Pilat je podrugljivo pokazao na Isusa govoreći, “Evo kralja vašega.” A Židovi su odgovorili, “Smakni ga. Razapni ga!” A onda je Pilat, s puno ironije i sarkazma rekao, “Vašega kralja da razapnem?” A Židovi su odgovorili, “Razapni ga! Mi nemamo drugoga kralja osim cara[43].” Pilat je shvatio da više nije bilo nade u Isusovo spasenje kako se nije bio spreman usprotstaviti Židovima.
¶ 8. PILATOVA TRAGIČNA PREDAJA
8. PILATE’S TRAGIC SURRENDER
8. PILATOVA TRAGIČNA PREDAJA
1955 185:8.1 Here stood the Son of God incarnate as the Son of Man. He was arrested without indictment; accused without evidence; adjudged without witnesses; punished without a verdict; and now was soon to be condemned to die by an unjust judge who confessed that he could find no fault in him. If Pilate had thought to appeal to their patriotism by referring to Jesus as the “king of the Jews,” he utterly failed. The Jews were not expecting any such a king. The declaration of the chief priests and the Sadducees, “We have no king but Caesar,” was a shock even to the unthinking populace, but it was too late now to save Jesus even had the mob dared to espouse the Master’s cause.
2014 185:8.1 Tu je stajao Sin Božji utjevljen kao Sin Čovječji. Uhvaćen bez optužnice; optužen bez dokaza; osuđen bez svjedoka; kažnjen bez presude; a sad je trebao primiti smrtnu kaznu odlukom nepravednog suca koji je priznao da mu nije mogao naći nikakve krivnje. Ako je Pilat pokušao apelirati na njihov osjećaj patriotizma nazivajući Isusa “kraljem Židova,” doživio je potpuni poraz u toj namjeri. Židovi nisu očekivali ovakvog kralja. Kad su glavni svećenici i saduceji rekli, “Mi nemamo kralja osim cara,” iznenadili su lakomislenu svjetinu svojim riječima, ali je već bilo prekasno pokušati spasti Isusa čak i da je svjetina bila spremna da se prikloni Učitelju.
1955 185:8.2 Pilate was afraid of a tumult or a riot. He dared not risk having such a disturbance during Passover time in Jerusalem. He had recently received a reprimand from Caesar, and he would not risk another. The mob cheered when he ordered the release of Barabbas. Then he ordered a basin and some water, and there before the multitude he washed his hands, saying: “I am innocent of the blood of this man. You are determined that he shall die, but I have found no guilt in him. See you to it. The soldiers will lead him forth.” And then the mob cheered and replied, “His blood be on us and on our children.”
2014 185:8.2 Pilat se bojao meteža i pobune. Nije bio spreman riskirati takve poremećaje u vrijeme Pashe u Jeruzalemu. Nedavno je primio opomenu od cara, i nije se bio spreman na sebe navući još jednu. Svjetina se glasno radova kad je Pilat naredio da puste Barabu[44]. Zatim je naredio da mu donesu zdjelicu s vodom i tu je pred svjetinom oprao ruke, govoreći: “Nevin sam od krvi ovog pravednika[45]. Vi ste odlučili da treba umrijeti, ali ja u njemu ne nađoh nikakvu krivnju[46]. To je vaša stvar. Vojnici će ga odvesti.” I onda je svjetina radosno klicala i odgovorila, “Krv njegova neka padne na nas i na našu djecu.”
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¶ Reference
¶ Biblija
- ↑ 185:0.3 Probno ispitivanje izvan zgrada: Iv 18:28b.
- ↑ 185:2.1 Pilat pita koje optužbe: Iv 18:29-30.
- ↑ 185:2.2 Pilat: Zašto ga ne sudite?: Iv 18:31a.
- ↑ 185:2.3 Odgovor: ne možemo ga ubiti.: Iv 18:31b.
- ↑ 185:2.10 Optužbe protiv Isusa: Mt 27:12a; Mk 15:3a; Lk 23:2.
- ↑ 185:3.1 Pilat ispituje Isusa: Iv 18:33a.
- ↑ 185:3.1 Isusov pogled na danak: Mt 22:21; Mk 12:17; Lk 20:25.
- ↑ 185:3.2 Jesi li ti kralj Židova?: Mt 27:11a; Mk 15:2a; Lk 23:3a; Iv 18:33b.
- ↑ 185:3.2 Zašto pitaš?: Iv 18:34-35.
- ↑ 185:3.3 Moje kraljevstvo nije od ovoga svijeta: Iv 18:36.
- ↑ 185:3.4 Isusova sudbina: pokazati istinu: Iv 18:37b.
- ↑ 185:3.4 „Kraljevstvo“ priznato: Mt 27:11b; Mk 15:2b; Lk 23:3b; Iv 18:37a.
- ↑ 185:3.5 Što je istina?: Iv 18:38a.
- ↑ 185:3.7 Pilat: Ne nalazim na njemu nikakve krivnje: Lk 23:4; Iv 18:38b.
- ↑ 185:3.7 Židovi ljuti: Lk 23:5.
- ↑ 185:3.8 Galilejci su pod Herodom: Lk 23:6.
- ↑ 185:3.8 Nadležnost časnog Herodsa: Lk 23:12.
- ↑ 185:3.9 Pilat šalje Isusa Herodu: Lk 23:7.
- ↑ 185:4.1 Herodovi osjećaji: Lk 23:8.
- ↑ 185:4.2 Isus šuti pred Herodom: Lk 23:9.
- ↑ 185:4.3 Isus se obukao i vratio Pilatu: Lk 23:10-11.
- ↑ 185:5.1 Ne nalazim mu nikakvu manu: Lk 23:13-16.
- ↑ 185:5.2 Običaj za oslobađanje zatvorenika: Mt 27:15; Mk 15:6; Lk 23:17; Iv 18:39a.
- ↑ 185:5.2 Pilat pokušava osloboditi Isusa: Iv 18:39.
- ↑ 185:5.3 Zove mnoštvo: besplatni Baraba: Iv 18:40a.
- ↑ 185:5.3 Baraba je bio ubojica: Mt 27:16; Mk 15:7; Lk 23:18-19; Iv 18:40b.
- ↑ 185:5.4 Kojeg zatvorenika da pustim?: Mt 27:17; Mk 15:9; Iv 18:39b.
- ↑ 185:5.4 „Pusti Barabu.“: Mk 15:11; Lk 23:18; Iv 18:40a.
- ↑ 185:5.6 Isus i Baraba: Mt 27:18; Mk 15:10.
- ↑ 185:5.7 Pilatova poruka od njegove žene: Mt 27:19a.
- ↑ 185:5.8 Sadržaj poruke: Mt 27:19b.
- ↑ 185:5.8 Odgađanje pomaže neprijateljima: Mt 27:20; Mk 15:11.
- ↑ 185:5.9 Što je s Isusom? Raspni ga!: Mt 27:22; Mk 15:12-13; Lk 23:20-21.
- ↑ 185:5.10 Zašto razapeti Isusa?: Mt 27:23; Mk 15:14; Lk 23:22-23.
- ↑ 185:6.2 Isus bičevan: Mt 27:26b; Mk 15:15b; Lk 23:16; Iv 19:1.
- ↑ 185:6.2 Bičevanje: Mt 27:27-31a; Mk 15:16-20a; Iv 19:2-3.
- ↑ 185:6.3 Gle čovjeka: Iv 19:4-5,6b.
- ↑ 185:6.5 Raspni ga!: Lk 23:23a; Iv 19:6a.
- ↑ 185:6.7 Veliki svećenik suočava se s Pilatom: Iv 19:7-9a.
- ↑ 185:7.1 Pilat ispituje Isusa: Iv 19:9b.
- ↑ 185:7.2 Isus ne odgovara: Iv 19:9c.
- ↑ 185:7.2 Posljednji dijalog s Isusom: Iv 19:10-11.
- ↑ 185:7.5 Pilatov posljednji napor: Iv 19:12-15.
- ↑ 185:8.2 Oslobađanje Barabe: Mt 27:26a; Mk 15:15a; Lk 23:24-25a.
- ↑ 185:8.2 Pilat pere ruke: Mt 27:24-25.
- ↑ 185:8.2 „Ne nalazim na njemu nikakve krivnje“: Lk 23:4,22; Iv 18:38; Iv 19:4,6.