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| POGLAVLJE 122 : ISUSOVO ROĐENJE I DJETINJSTVO |
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POGLAVLJE 124 : ISUSOVO KASNIJE DJETINJSTVO |
THE EARLY CHILDHOOD OF JESUS
POGLAVLJE 123 : ISUSOVO RANO DJETINJSTVO
1955 123:0.1 OWING to the uncertainties and anxieties of their sojourn in Bethlehem, Mary did not wean the babe until they had arrived safely in Alexandria, where the family was able to settle down to a normal life. They lived with kinsfolk, and Joseph was well able to support his family as he secured work shortly after their arrival. He was employed as a carpenter for several months and then elevated to the position of foreman of a large group of workmen employed on one of the public buildings then in process of construction. This new experience gave him the idea of becoming a contractor and builder after their return to Nazareth.
2014 123:0.1 ZBOG tjeskobe i neizvjesnosti svog boravka u Betlehemu, Marija je nastavila dojiti Isusa sve dok nisu sigurno stigli u Aleksandriju, gdje je obitelj bila u mogućnosti da ostvari miran i normalan život. Živjeli su s rodbinom, i Josip je bio u stanju izrdžavati svoju obitelj kako je brzo našao posao ubrzo nakon njihova dolaska.Bio je prvo zaposlen kao tesar nekoliko mjeseci, a zatim je unaprijeđen na poziciju nadglednika velike skupine radnika uposlenih na izgradnji jedne javne zgrade. Ovo novo iskustvo mu je dalo ideju da postane poduzetnik i graditelj nakon povratka u Nazaret.
1955 123:0.2 All through these early years of Jesus’ helpless infancy, Mary maintained one long and constant vigil lest anything befall her child which might jeopardize his welfare or in any way interfere with his future mission on earth; no mother was ever more devoted to her child. In the home where Jesus chanced to be there were two other children about his age, and among the near neighbors there were six others whose ages were sufficiently near his own to make them acceptable play-fellows. At first Mary was disposed to keep Jesus close by her side. She feared something might happen to him if he were allowed to play in the garden with the other children, but Joseph, with the assistance of his kinsfolk, was able to convince her that such a course would deprive Jesus of the helpful experience of learning how to adjust himself to children of his own age. And Mary, realizing that such a program of undue sheltering and unusual protection might tend to make him self-conscious and somewhat self-centered, finally gave assent to the plan of permitting the child of promise to grow up just like any other child; and though she was obedient to this decision, she made it her business always to be on watch while the little folks were at play about the house or in the garden. Only an affectionate mother can know the burden that Mary carried in her heart for the safety of her son during these years of his infancy and early childhood.
2014 123:0.2 Kroz sve ove rane godine Isusova bespomoćnog djetinjstva, Marija je budno i neprestano bdijela da ništa ne ugrozi njegovu dobrobit ili na bilo koji način omete njegovu buduću misiju na zemlji; ni jedna majka nije bila tako odana svome djetetu. U kući u kojoj su živjeli bilo je još dvoje djece približno iste dobi, a među najbližim susjedima još šestoro djece čija je dob bila blizu njegove, tako da su se lijepo igrali. Marija isprva nije skidala oka s Isusa. Bojala se da mu se nešto ne dogodi ako ga pusti da se igra u vrtu s drugom djecom, no Josip je uz pomoć svojih rođaka konačno bio u stanju uvjeriti Mariju da bi to Isusu oduzelo odličnu priliku da se nauči prilagoditi djeci svoje dobi. I uviđajući da bi ovako pretjerana zaštita mogla učiniti Isusa ponešto samosvjesnim, ako ne i umišljenim, Marija je konačno pristala dopustiti da obećano dijete odraste kao sva druga djeca; i premda se čvrsto držala ove odluke, smatrala je svojom dužnošću uvijek budno paziti na djecu dok su se igrala oko kuće ili u vrtu. Samo nježna i brižna majka može razumjeti teret koji je Marija nosila u svom srcu za ovih prvih godina njegova ranog djetinjstva.
1955 123:0.3 Throughout the two years of their sojourn at Alexandria, Jesus enjoyed good health and continued to grow normally. Aside from a few friends and relatives no one was told about Jesus’ being a “child of promise.” One of Joseph’s relatives revealed this to a few friends in Memphis, descendants of the distant Ikhnaton, and they, with a small group of Alexandrian believers, assembled at the palatial home of Joseph’s relative-benefactor a short time before the return to Palestine to wish the Nazareth family well and to pay their respects to the child. On this occasion the assembled friends presented Jesus with a complete copy of the Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures. But this copy of the Jewish sacred writings was not placed in Joseph’s hands until both he and Mary had finally declined the invitation of their Memphis and Alexandrian friends to remain in Egypt. These believers insisted that the child of destiny would be able to exert a far greater world influence as a resident of Alexandria than of any designated place in Palestine. These persuasions delayed their departure for Palestine for some time after they received the news of Herod’s death.
2014 123:0.3 Tijekom prve dvije godine njihova boravka u Aleksandriji, Isus je uživao dobro zdravlje i nastavio normalno rasti. Osim nekoliko prijatelja i rođaka, nitko nije znao da je Isus bio “obećano dijete.” Jedan Josipov rođak je podijelio ove vijesti s nekoliko svojih prijatelja iz Memfisa, potomaka dalekog Akhenatena, koji su okupili manju skupinu vjernika u predivnom domu Josipova rođaka i domaćina, kako bi iskazali poštovanje djetetu. Okupljeni prijatelji su ovom prilikom Isusu poklonili kompletno izdanje grčkog prijevoda židovskih spisa. Ali ta kopija židovskih svetih spisa nije došla Josipu u ruke sve dok on i Marija nisu konačno i neopozivo odbili poziv svojih prijatelja iz Memfisa i Aleksandrije da ostanu u Egiptu. Ovi vjernici su inzistirali da dijete sudbine može ispoljiti daleko veći svjetski utjecaj iz Aleksandrije, nego iz bilo koje oblasti Palestine. Ovakva nagovaranja su neko vrijeme odgodila njihov povratak u Palestinu, dok nisu primili vijesti o Herodovoj smrti.
[1]
1955 123:0.4 Joseph and Mary finally took leave of Alexandria on a boat belonging to their friend Ezraeon, bound for Joppa, arriving at that port late in August of the year 4 B.C. They went directly to Bethlehem, where they spent the entire month of September in counsel with their friends and relatives concerning whether they should remain there or return to Nazareth.
2014 123:0.4 Josip i Marija su konačno napustili Aleksandriju brodom koji je pripadao njihovom prijatelju Ezronu, na putu za Jopu, i stigli su u tu luku krajem mjeseca kolovoza 4. godine pr. K. Otišli su direktno u Betlehem, gdje su proveli cijeli mjesec rujan u raspravi sa svojim prijateljima da li je bilo bolje tu ostati ili se vratiti u Nazaret.
1955 123:0.5 Mary had never fully given up the idea that Jesus ought to grow up in Bethlehem, the City of David. Joseph did not really believe that their son was to become a kingly deliverer of Israel. Besides, he knew that he himself was not really a descendant of David; that his being reckoned among the offspring of David was due to the adoption of one of his ancestors into the Davidic line of descent. Mary, of course, thought the City of David the most appropriate place in which the new candidate for David’s throne could be reared, but Joseph preferred to take chances with Herod Antipas rather than with his brother Archelaus. He entertained great fears for the child’s safety in Bethlehem or in any other city in Judea, and surmised that Archelaus would be more likely to pursue the menacing policies of his father, Herod, than would Antipas in Galilee. And besides all these reasons, Joseph was outspoken in his preference for Galilee as a better place in which to rear and educate the child, but it required three weeks to overcome Mary’s objections.
2014 123:0.5 Marija nikada nije u potpunosti odustala od ideje da je Isus trebao odrasti u Betlehemu, Gradu Davidovu. Josip nije istinski vjerovao da je njihov sin trebao postati kraljevskim izručiteljem Izraela. Osim toga, on je znao da nije stvarno vukao porijeklo od Davida; da se računao među potomstvo Davida zbog toga što je jedan od njegovih predaka bio usvojen u Davidovu lozu. Marija je, naravno, mislila da je Grad Davidov bio najpogodnije mjesto da se podigne novi kandidat za Davidovo prijestolje, ali Josip je smatrao da im je prijetila manja opasnost od Heroda Antipe nego od njegova brata Arhelaja. Jako se bojao za djetetovu sigurnost u Betlehemu ili bilo kojem drugom gradu Judeje, smatrajući da je Arhelaj bio spremniji poslužiti se ubojitim metodama svoga oca Heroda nego je to bio Antipa u Galileji. I pored svih tih razloga, Josip je spremno branio Galileju kao bolje mjesto za podizanje i obrazovanje djeteta, ali je tek nakon tri tjedna uspio prevladati nad Marijinim prosvjedima[2].
1955 123:0.6 By the first of October Joseph had convinced Mary and all their friends that it was best for them to return to Nazareth. Accordingly, early in October, 4 B.C., they departed from Bethlehem for Nazareth, going by way of Lydda and Scythopolis. They started out early one Sunday morning, Mary and the child riding on their newly acquired beast of burden, while Joseph and five accompanying kinsmen proceeded on foot; Joseph’s relatives refused to permit them to make the trip to Nazareth alone. They feared to go to Galilee by Jerusalem and the Jordan valley, and the western routes were not altogether safe for two lone travelers with a child of tender years.
2014 123:0.6 Prije početka listopada, Josip je uvjerio Mariju i sve svoje prijatelje da je bilo najbolje da se vrate u Nazaret[3]. Tako su jednog dana početkom listopada 4. godine pr. K., krenuli iz Betlehema prema Nazaretu preko Lide i Skitopola. Na put su pošli u nedjelju rano ujutro, dok je Marija s djetetom jahala na njihovoj novoj teretnoj životinji, a Josip sa svojih pet rođaka išao pješice; Josipovi rođaci im nisu htjeli dopustiti da putuju u Nazaret sami. Bojali su se ići u Galileju preko Jeruzalema i doline Jordana, a zapadni putevi nisu bili posve sigurni za dvoje usamljenih putnika s malim djetetom.
¶ 1. POVRATAK U NAZARET
1. BACK IN NAZARETH
1. POVRATAK U NAZARET
1955 123:1.1 On the fourth day of the journey the party reached its destination in safety. They arrived unannounced at the Nazareth home, which had been occupied for more than three years by one of Joseph’s married brothers, who was indeed surprised to see them; so quietly had they gone about their business that neither the family of Joseph nor that of Mary knew they had even left Alexandria. The next day Joseph’s brother moved his family, and Mary, for the first time since Jesus’ birth, settled down with her little family to enjoy life in their own home. In less than a week Joseph secured work as a carpenter, and they were supremely happy.
2014 123:1.1 Nakon četiri dana putovanja bez problema su stigli su na svoje odredište. Nenajavljeno su se pojavili u svojoj nazaretskoj kući u kojoj je već tri godine živio jedan Josipov oženjeni brat koji je bio doista iznenađen da ga vidi; tako su se tiho bavili svojim poslom da nitko u bilo Josipovoj ili Marijinoj obitelji nije znao da su napustili Aleksandriju[4]. Josipov brat je sutradan preselio svoju obitelj, dok se Marija po prvi put nakon Isusova rođenja, mogla skrasiti sa svojom malom obitelji i uživati u svojoj vlastitoj kući. U manje od tjedan dana, Josip je našao posao kao tesar i bili su neizmjerno srećni.
1955 123:1.2 Jesus was about three years and two months old at the time of their return to Nazareth. He had stood all these travels very well and was in excellent health and full of childish glee and excitement at having premises of his own to run about in and to enjoy. But he greatly missed the association of his Alexandrian playmates.
2014 123:1.2 Isus je imao tri godine i dva mjeseca u vrijeme povratka u Nazaret. Dobro je podnio sva putovanja i bio u izvrsnom zdravlju i pun djetinje radosti i uzbuđenja što je konačno mogao slobodno trčati i uživati u svojoj vlastitoj kući[5]. Ali jako su mu nedostajali njegovi prijatelji iz Aleksandrije.
1955 123:1.3 On the way to Nazareth Joseph had persuaded Mary that it would be unwise to spread the word among their Galilean friends and relatives that Jesus was a child of promise. They agreed to refrain from all mention of these matters to anyone. And they were both very faithful in keeping this promise.
2014 123:1.3 Na putu za Nazaret, Josip je uvjerio Mariju da nije bilo mudro širiti riječ među njihovim galilejskim prijateljima i rođacima da je Isus bio obećano dijete. Složili su se u tome da nikome ne govore o ovim pitanjima. I oboje su se čvrsto držali tog obećanja.
1955 123:1.4 Jesus’ entire fourth year was a period of normal physical development and of unusual mental activity. Meantime he had formed a very close attachment for a neighbor boy about his own age named Jacob. Jesus and Jacob were always happy in their play, and they grew up to be great friends and loyal companions.
2014 123:1.4 Isusova cijela četvrta godina je bila period normalnog fizičkog razvoja i neobične mentalne aktivnosti. U međuvremenu je formirao vrlo blisku vezanost sa svojim susjedom i vršnjakom po imenu Jakov. Isus i Jakov su se jako lijepo izgrali i iz dana u dan su postajali sve bolji i odaniji prijatelj i .
1955 123:1.5 The next important event in the life of this Nazareth family was the birth of the second child, James, in the early morning hours of April 2, 3 B.C. Jesus was thrilled by the thought of having a baby brother, and he would stand around by the hour just to observe the baby’s early activities.
1955 123:1.6 It was midsummer of this same year that Joseph built a small workshop close to the village spring and near the caravan tarrying lot. After this he did very little carpenter work by the day. He had as associates two of his brothers and several other mechanics, whom he sent out to work while he remained at the shop making yokes and plows and doing other woodwork. He also did some work in leather and with rope and canvas. And Jesus, as he grew up, when not at school, spent his time about equally between helping his mother with home duties and watching his father work at the shop, meanwhile listening to the conversation and gossip of the caravan conductors and passengers from the four corners of the earth.
2014 123:1.6 Sredinom ljeta ove godine, Josip je izgradio manju radionicu u blizini gradskog vrela i obližnje karavanske stanice. Nakon toga je vrlo rijetko radio kao tesar izvan svog dućana. Surađivao je sa svoja dva brata i nekoliko drugih radnika koje je često slao da obave različite poslove, a on je ostajao u radionici gdje je pravio jarame, plugove i druge proizvode od drveta. On je također izrađivao robu od kože i šatorskog platna. A Isus je za cijele svoje mladosti, kad god nije bio u školi, provodio otprilike jednako vremena pomažući svojoj majci s kućnim poslovima i promatrajući očev rad u radionici, dok je u međuvremenu slušao razgovor i ogovaranja karavanskih vodiča i putnika sa sve četiri strane svijeta.
1955 123:1.7 In July of this year, one month before Jesus was four years old, an outbreak of malignant intestinal trouble spread over all Nazareth from contact with the caravan travelers. Mary became so alarmed by the danger of Jesus being exposed to this epidemic of disease that she bundled up both her children and fled to the country home of her brother, several miles south of Nazareth on the Megiddo road near Sarid. They did not return to Nazareth for more than two months; Jesus greatly enjoyed this, his first experience on a farm.
2014 123:1.7 U mjesecu srpnju ove godine, mjesec dana prije Isusova četvrtog rođendana, u cijelom Nazaretu je došlo do izbijanja zloćudne bolesti crijeva kao rezultat kontakta s karavanskim putnicima. Marija je bila toliko zabrinuta da Isus ne oboli od te zarazne epidemije, da je spremila oboje djece i otišla u posjet svome bratu na selo par kilometara južno od Nazareta, na putu za Medigo blizu Sarida. Cijela dva mjeseca se nisu vraćali u Nazaret; Isus je jako uživao u ovoj svojoj prvoj posjeti seoskom gazdinstvu.
¶ 1. PETA GODINA (2. GODINA PR. K.)
2. THE FIFTH YEAR (2 B.C.)
1. PETA GODINA (2. GODINA PR. K.)
1955 123:2.1 In something more than a year after the return to Nazareth the boy Jesus arrived at the age of his first personal and wholehearted moral decision; and there came to abide with him a Thought Adjuster, a divine gift of the Paradise Father, which had aforetime served with Machiventa Melchizedek, thus gaining the experience of functioning in connection with the incarnation of a supermortal being living in the likeness of mortal flesh. This event occurred on February 11, 2 B.C. Jesus was no more aware of the coming of the divine Monitor than are the millions upon millions of other children who, before and since that day, have likewise received these Thought Adjusters to indwell their minds and work for the ultimate spiritualization of these minds and the eternal survival of their evolving immortal souls.
2014 123:2.1 Nakon nešto više od godinu dana po povratku u Nazaret, dječak Isus je dostigao dob svoje prve osobne i svesrdne moralne odluke; i tada je u njega došao Misaoni Ispravljač, božanski dar od Rajskog Oca, koji je nekoć služio u MakiventiMelkizedeku, i koji je na taj način stekao iskustvo djelovanja u vezi s nadljudskim bićem koje je bilo utjelovljeno u smrtnom obličju. To se dogodilo 11. Veljače2. godine pr. K. Isus nije bio više svjestan dolaska božanskog Osmatrača nego što su ga svjesni milijuni djece u čije su umove prije ili poslije ovog događaja došli Misaoni Ispravljači, da tu žive i da rade na produhovljenju ovih umova i vječnom opstanku njihovih evoluirajućih besmrtnih duša.
1955 123:2.2 On this day in February the direct and personal supervision of the Universe Rulers, as it was related to the integrity of the childlike incarnation of Michael, terminated. From that time on throughout the human unfolding of the incarnation, the guardianship of Jesus was destined to rest in the keeping of this indwelling Adjuster and the associated seraphic guardians, supplemented from time to time by the ministry of midway creatures assigned for the performance of certain definite duties in accordance with the instruction of their planetary superiors.
2014 123:2.2 Ovog dana u mjesecu veljači prekinut je neposredan i osobni nadzor Kozmičkih Vladara, koji su do tada štitili ovo dijete koje je bilo utjelovljenje Mihaela. Od tada pa sve do kraja njegova ljudskog utjelovljenja, skrbništvo nad Isusom je palo na njegovog unutarnjeg Ispravljača i njegovog anđela čuvaru, uz povremenu pomoć srednjih bića koja su s vremena na vrijeme bila postavljena na određene jasno definirane dužnosti u skladu s uputama svojih planetarnih starješina.
1955 123:2.3 Jesus was five years old in August of this year, and we will, therefore, refer to this as his fifth (calendar) year of life. In this year, 2 B.C., a little more than one month before his fifth birthday anniversary, Jesus was made very happy by the coming of his sister Miriam, who was born on the night of July 11. During the evening of the following day Jesus had a long talk with his father concerning the manner in which various groups of living things are born into the world as separate individuals. The most valuable part of Jesus’ early education was secured from his parents in answer to his thoughtful and searching inquiries. Joseph never failed to do his full duty in taking pains and spending time answering the boy’s numerous questions. From the time Jesus was five years old until he was ten, he was one continuous question mark. While Joseph and Mary could not always answer his questions, they never failed fully to discuss his inquiries and in every other possible way to assist him in his efforts to reach a satisfactory solution of the problem which his alert mind had suggested.
2014 123:2.3 Isus je napunio pet godina u kolovozu ove godine, i tako ćemo govoriti o ovoj godini kao njegovoj petoj (kalendarskoj) godini. Ove godine, 2. godine pr. K., nešto više od mjesec dana prije petog rođendana, Isusa je jako obradovalo rođenje njegove sestre Marijane koja je rođena u noći 11[7]. srpnja. Tijekom naredne večeri Isus je nadugačko razgovarao sa svojim ocem u vezi načina na koji različite skupine živih bića dolaze na svijet kao individualne osobe.U svom ranom životu Isus je izvukao najveću obrazovnu korist iz objašnjenja koja je primio od svojih roditelja kao odgovor na svoja inteligentna i radoznala pitanja. Josip je uvijek pomno obavljao svoju dužnost i ulagao velike napore i puno vremena da odgovori na dječakova brojna pitanja.Od svoje pete pa do desete godine, on je neprestano postavljao pitanja. Josip i Marija nisu mogli odgovoriti na sva njegova pitanja, ali su uvijek bili u potpunosti spremni raspraviti njegove upite i na svaki mogući način mu pomoći da postigne zadovoljavajuće rješenje problema koji su zaokupljali njegov radoznali um.
1955 123:2.4 Since returning to Nazareth, theirs had been a busy household, and Joseph had been unusually occupied building his new shop and getting his business started again. So fully was he occupied that he had found no time to build a cradle for James, but this was corrected long before Miriam came, so that she had a very comfortable crib in which to nestle while the family admired her. And the child Jesus heartily entered into all these natural and normal home experiences. He greatly enjoyed his little brother and his baby sister and was of great help to Mary in their care.
2014 123:2.4 Po povratku u Nazaret, bili su jako zauzeti svojim domaćinstvom, a Josip je bio jako zaokupljen izgradnjom svoje nove radionice i ponovnom uspostavom poslova. Bio je toliko zauzet da nije imao vremena napraviti kolijevku za Jakova, ali je to uspio učiniti prije dolaska Marijane, tako da se ona mogla udobno lješkariti u svojoj kolijevci dok joj se cijela obitelj divila. Kao dijete, Isus je cijelim svojim srcemsudjelovao u svim ovim prirodnim i normalnim obiteljskim aktivnostima. Jako je uživao igrajući se sa svojim bratom i sestricom, i rado je pomagao Mariji u brizi za djecu.
1955 123:2.5 There were few homes in the gentile world of those days that could give a child a better intellectual, moral, and religious training than the Jewish homes of Galilee. These Jews had a systematic program for rearing and educating their children. They divided a child’s life into seven stages:
2014 123:2.5 Mali broj nežidovskih obitelji ove dobi je bio u stanju djetetu pružiti bolje intelektualno, moralno i religiozno obrazovanje od židovskih obitelji Galileje.Židovi su imali sistematičan način podizanja i obrazovanja djece. Dijelili su djetetov život u sljedećih sedam stadija:
2014 123:2.6 1. Novorođenče, od prvog do osmog dana.
1955 123:2.9 4. The period of dependence on the mother, lasting up to the end of the fifth year.
2014 123:2.9 4. Dijete u razdoblju ovisnosti o majci, u trajanju do kraja pete godine.
1955 123:2.10 5. The beginning independence of the child and, with sons, the father assuming responsibility for their education.
2014 123:2.10 5. Početak djetetove neovisnosti i u slučaju sinova, doba kada otac preuzima odgovornost za njihovo obrazovanje.
1955 123:2.11 6. The adolescent youths and maidens.
2014 123:2.11 6. Mladiće i djevojke u adolescenciji.
1955 123:2.13 It was the custom of the Galilean Jews for the mother to bear the responsibility for a child’s training until the fifth birthday, and then, if the child were a boy, to hold the father responsible for the lad’s education from that time on. This year, therefore, Jesus entered upon the fifth stage of a Galilean Jewish child’s career, and accordingly on August 21, 2 B.C., Mary formally turned him over to Joseph for further instruction.
2014 123:2.13 Među galilejskim Židovima je vladao običaj da majka bude odgovorna za podizanje djeteta do petog rođendana, nakon čega bi u slučaju dječaka odgovornost za obrazovanje prešla na oca. Prema židovskom kalendaru u Galileji, Isus je ove godine stupio u petu fazu života, i Marija je tako 21. kolovoza 2. godine pr. K., službeno prenijela njegovu daljnju naobrazbu na Josipa.
1955 123:2.14 Though Joseph was now assuming the direct responsibility for Jesus’ intellectual and religious education, his mother still interested herself in his home training. She taught him to know and care for the vines and flowers growing about the garden walls which completely surrounded the home plot. She also provided on the roof of the house (the summer bedroom) shallow boxes of sand in which Jesus worked out maps and did much of his early practice at writing Aramaic, Greek, and later on, Hebrew, for in time he learned to read, write, and speak, fluently, all three languages.
2014 123:2.14 Iako je Josip sada preuzeo izravnu odgovornost za Isusovo intelektualno i religiozno obrazovanje, njegova majka se nastavila brinuti o Isusovom domaćem obrazovanju. Od nje je naučio da poznaje i vodi brigu o lozama i cvijeću koje je raslo duž zida koji je opasavao vrt. Pored toga, na ravnom krovu kuće (koji je preko ljeta služio kao spavaća soba), stavila je plitke kutije s pijeskom, u kojima je Isus crtao zemljopisne karte i vježbao pisanje aramejskog, grčkog i kasnije hebrejskog, jer je s vremenom naučio čitati, pisati i tečno govoriti sva tri jezika.
1955 123:2.15 Jesus appeared to be a well-nigh perfect child physically and continued to make normal progress mentally and emotionally. He experienced a mild digestive upset, his first minor illness, in the latter part of this, his fifth (calendar) year.
2014 123:2.15 Isus je fizički djelovao kao gotovo savršeno dijete i nastavio se normalno razvijali mentalno i emocionalno. Imao je blage probavne smetnje, svoju prvu manju bolest, u drugoj polovici svoje pete (kalendarske) godine.
1955 123:2.16 Though Joseph and Mary often talked about the future of their eldest child, had you been there, you would only have observed the growing up of a normal, healthy, carefree, but exceedingly inquisitive child of that time and place.
2014 123:2.16 Iako su Josip i Marija vrlo često govorili o budućnosti svog najstarijeg djeteta, da ste ga imali priliku vidjeti, ugledali bi jedino normalno, zdravo i bezbrižno, ali vrlo radoznalo dijete tog vremena i mjesta.
¶ 3. DOGAĐAJI ŠESTE GODINE (1. GODINE PR. K.)
3. EVENTS OF THE SIXTH YEAR (1 B.C.)
3. DOGAĐAJI ŠESTE GODINE (1. GODINE PR. K.)
1955 123:3.1 Already, with his mother’s help, Jesus had mastered the Galilean dialect of the Aramaic tongue; and now his father began teaching him Greek. Mary spoke little Greek, but Joseph was a fluent speaker of both Aramaic and Greek. The textbook for the study of the Greek language was the copy of the Hebrew scriptures—a complete version of the law and the prophets, including the Psalms—which had been presented to them on leaving Egypt. There were only two complete copies of the Scriptures in Greek in all Nazareth, and the possession of one of them by the carpenter’s family made Joseph’s home a much-sought place and enabled Jesus, as he grew up, to meet an almost endless procession of earnest students and sincere truth seekers. Before this year ended, Jesus had assumed custody of this priceless manuscript, having been told on his sixth birthday that the sacred book had been presented to him by Alexandrian friends and relatives. And in a very short time he could read it readily.
2014 123:3.1 Uz majčinu pomoć, Isus je već ovladao galilejskim dijalektom aramejskog jezika; otac ga je sada počeo podučavati grčki. Marija je slabo poznavala grčki, dok je Josip tečno govorio aramejski i grčki. U učenju grčkog, koristili su židovske spise - punu verziju zakona i proroka, uključujući i Psalme - koje je dobio na poklon prije odlaska iz Egipta. U Nazaretu su postojale samo dvije kompletne kopije spisa na grčkom, i kako je tesareva obitelj imala jednu, to je učinilo Josipovu kuću jako popularnom i omogućilo Isusu da upozna gotovo beskrajnu povorku marljivih učenika i iskrenih tragatelja za istinom. Prije kraja ove godine, Isus je preuzeo skrbništvo nad ovim neprocjenjivim rukopisom, a na dan svog šestog rođendana prvi put je čuo od svojih roditelja da su mu tu svetu knjigu poklonili njegovi prijatelji i rođaci iz Aleksandrije. I nije dugo prošlo kad je bio u stanju tečno čitati taj rukopis.
1955 123:3.2 The first great shock of Jesus’ young life occurred when he was not quite six years old. It had seemed to the lad that his father—at least his father and mother together—knew everything. Imagine, therefore, the surprise of this inquiring child, when he asked his father the cause of a mild earthquake which had just occurred, to hear Joseph say, “My son, I really do not know.” Thus began that long and disconcerting disillusionment in the course of which Jesus found out that his earthly parents were not all-wise and all-knowing.
2014 123:3.2 Prvi veliki šok Isusove rane mladosti dogodio se nešto prije nego što će napuniti šestu godinu. Mladiću se činilo da je njegov otac - barem njegov otac i majka zajedno - sve znao. Zamislite, dakle, iznenađenje ovog znatiželjnog djeteta, kada je prilikom manjeg potresa pitao oca o uzroku ove pojave i kad je čuo kako Josip kaže, "Sine, ja to stvarno ne znam.” Tako je počelo to dugo i uznemirujuće razočaranje prilikom kojeg je Isus doznao da njegovi zemaljski roditelji nisu bili svemudri i sveznajući.
1955 123:3.3 Joseph’s first thought was to tell Jesus that the earthquake had been caused by God, but a moment’s reflection admonished him that such an answer would immediately be provocative of further and still more embarrassing inquiries. Even at an early age it was very difficult to answer Jesus’ questions about physical or social phenomena by thoughtlessly telling him that either God or the devil was responsible. In harmony with the prevailing belief of the Jewish people, Jesus was long willing to accept the doctrine of good spirits and evil spirits as the possible explanation of mental and spiritual phenomena, but he very early became doubtful that such unseen influences were responsible for the physical happenings of the natural world.
2014 123:3.3 Josip je prvo mislio reći da je potres bio djelo Boga, ali je nakon krećeg razmišljanja zaključio da bi takav odgovor odmah izazvao daljnje i još neugodnije upite. Čak i u ranoj dobi, bilo je vrlo nezgodno odgovoriti na Isusova teška pitanja o fizičkim ili društvenim pojavama nepromišljenim objašnjenjem da su bila djelo Boga ili đavla. U skladu s prevladavajućim uvjerenjem židovskog naroda, Isus je dugo bio spreman prihvatiti ideju da dobri i zli duhovi mogu biti uzrokom mentalnih i duhovnih pojava, ali je vrlo rano počeo sumnjati da su takvi nevidljivi utjecaji bili odgovorni za fizičke događaje prirodnog svijeta.
1955 123:3.4 Before Jesus was six years of age, in the early summer of 1 B.C., Zacharias and Elizabeth and their son John came to visit the Nazareth family. Jesus and John had a happy time during this, their first visit within their memories. Although the visitors could remain only a few days, the parents talked over many things, including the future plans for their sons. While they were thus engaged, the lads played with blocks in the sand on top of the house and in many other ways enjoyed themselves in true boyish fashion.
2014 123:3.4 Prije Isusove šeste godine, u rano ljeto 1. godine pr. K., Zakarije i Elizabeta su došli u posjetu nazaretskoj obitelji sa svojim sinom Ivanom. Isus i Ivan su se dobro družili za ovog - prema njihovom sjećanju - prvog susreta. Dok su posjetitelji mogli ostati samo nekoliko dana, roditelji su razgovarali o mnogim pitanjima, uključujući i planove za budućnost svojih sinova. Dok su se odrasli bavili takvim raspravama, dječaci su se igrali s blokovima u pijesku na ravnom krovu i na mnoge druge načine uživali u ovom susretu na pravi dječački način.
1955 123:3.5 Having met John, who came from near Jerusalem, Jesus began to evince an unusual interest in the history of Israel and to inquire in great detail as to the meaning of the Sabbath rites, the synagogue sermons, and the recurring feasts of commemoration. His father explained to him the meaning of all these seasons. The first was the midwinter festive illumination, lasting eight days, starting out with one candle the first night and adding one each successive night; this commemorated the dedication of the temple after the restoration of the Mosaic services by Judas Maccabee. Next came the early springtime celebration of Purim, the feast of Esther and Israel’s deliverance through her. Then followed the solemn Passover, which the adults celebrated in Jerusalem whenever possible, while at home the children would remember that no leavened bread was to be eaten for the whole week. Later came the feast of the first-fruits, the harvest ingathering; and last, the most solemn of all, the feast of the new year, the day of atonement. While some of these celebrations and observances were difficult for Jesus’ young mind to understand, he pondered them seriously and then entered fully into the joy of the feast of tabernacles, the annual vacation season of the whole Jewish people, the time when they camped out in leafy booths and gave themselves up to mirth and pleasure.
2014 123:3.5 Nakon što je upoznao Ivana, koji je živio u blizini Jeruzalema, Isus je počeo pokazivati neuobičajeno zanimanje za povijest Izraela i raspitivati se o mnogim detaljima u vezi subotnjih obreda, propovijedi koje su držane u sinagogi i periodičnih blagdana komemoracije. Njegov otac je objasnio značenje svih tih blagdana. Prvi je bio proslava sredinom zime koja je trajala osam dana, koja je počinjala s jednom svijećom, dok je svake večeri dodavana još jedna svijeća; to je obilježavalo posvetu hrama uoči restaurancijemojsijevske službe koja je obnovljena zahvaljujući podvizima Jude Makabejca. Zatim je slijedila proslava Purima u rano proljeće, Esterinog blagdana i izraelskog oslobođenja kroz nju. Nakon toga je bila svečana proslava Pashe, koju su odrasli slavili u Jeruzalemu kad god je to bilo moguće, dok su djeca, koja su obično ostajala kod kuće, znala da cijelog tjedna ne smiju jesti kruh s kvascem. Zatim su slavili blagdan prvih plodova, ubiranja žetve; na kraju su imali najsvečaniji blagdan, novogodišnju svečanost, Dan Pomirenja. Dok Isusovom mladom umu nije uvijek bilo lako shvatiti značenje svih tih praznika, on je o njima pomno razmišljao, radosno se predajući blagdanu sjenica, godišnjem odmoru cijelog židovskog naroda, danima koje su radosno i veselo provodili u skromnim drvenim taborima u prirodi, puni veselja i radosti.
1955 123:3.6 During this year Joseph and Mary had trouble with Jesus about his prayers. He insisted on talking to his heavenly Father much as he would talk to Joseph, his earthly father. This departure from the more solemn and reverent modes of communication with Deity was a bit disconcerting to his parents, especially to his mother, but there was no persuading him to change; he would say his prayers just as he had been taught, after which he insisted on having “just a little talk with my Father in heaven.”
2014 123:3.6 Ove godine, Josip i Marija su bili uznemireni Isusovim molitvama. Isus je inzistirao na razgovoru sa svojim nebeskim Ocem kao da je govorio s Josipom, svojim zemaljskim ocem. Ovo je odstupanje od svečanijeg i štovanijeg načina komunikacije s Božanstvom bilo pomalo uznemirujuće njegovim roditeljima, a posebno majci, ali oni nisu pokušali da ga uvjere da to primjeni; nakon recitiranja napamet naučenih molitvi, Isus je inzistirao da “samo malo razgovara sa svojim Ocem na nebu.”
1955 123:3.7 In June of this year Joseph turned the shop in Nazareth over to his brothers and formally entered upon his work as a builder. Before the year was over, the family income had more than trebled. Never again, until after Joseph’s death, did the Nazareth family feel the pinch of poverty. The family grew larger and larger, and they spent much money on extra education and travel, but always Joseph’s increasing income kept pace with the growing expenses.
2014 123:3.7 U mjesecu lipnju ove godine, Josip je predao radionicu svojoj braći, dok je službeno počeo raditi kao građevinski poduzetnik. Prije kraja ove godine, obiteljski prihodi su bili trostruko veći. Nikada više, sve do Josipove smrti, nazaretska obitelj nije patila od neimaštine. Obitelj je sve više rasla i trošila na obrazovanje i putovanje, ali su Josipovi sve veći prihodi uvijek uspijevali održavati korak s rastućim troškovima.
1955 123:3.8 The next few years Joseph did considerable work at Cana, Bethlehem (of Galilee), Magdala, Nain, Sepphoris, Capernaum, and Endor, as well as much building in and near Nazareth. As James grew up to be old enough to help his mother with the housework and care of the younger children, Jesus made frequent trips away from home with his father to these surrounding towns and villages. Jesus was a keen observer and gained much practical knowledge from these trips away from home; he was assiduously storing up knowledge regarding man and the way he lived on earth.
2014 123:3.8 U narednih nekoliko godina, Josip je obavio značajne poslove u Kani, Betlehemu (u Galileji), Magdali, Nainu, Seforisu, Kafarnaumu i Endori, kao i na više zgrada u samom Nazaretu i njegovoj okolici. Kako je Jakov u to vrijeme bio dovoljno velik da pomogne majci u kućanskim poslovima i brizi za mlađu djecu, Isus je često putovao s ocem u ove udaljene gradove i sela. Isus je bio entuzijastični promatrač svijeta, koji je stekao veliko praktično znanje iz tih dalekih destinacija; marljivo je skupljao nova saznanja o čovjeku i načinu njegova života na zemlji.
1955 123:3.9 This year Jesus made great progress in adjusting his strong feelings and vigorous impulses to the demands of family co-operation and home discipline. Mary was a loving mother but a fairly strict disciplinarian. In many ways, however, Joseph exerted the greater control over Jesus as it was his practice to sit down with the boy and fully explain the real and underlying reasons for the necessity of disciplinary curtailment of personal desires in deference to the welfare and tranquillity of the entire family. When the situation had been explained to Jesus, he was always intelligently and willingly co-operative with parental wishes and family regulations.
2014 123:3.9 Isus je ove godine postigao značajan napredak u usklađivanju svojih dubokih emocija i snažnih impulsa zahtjevima obiteljske suradnje i domaće discipline. Marija je bila mila majka, ali je zahtijevala strogu disciplinu. Na mnoge načine, Josip je imao veću kontrolu nad Isusom kako je imao običaj sjesti s dječakom i potpuno mu objasniti stvarne i temeljne razloge u podlozi ove potrebe za kontrolom osobnih želja u interesu blagostanja i mira cijele obitelji. Nakon takvog inteligentnog objašnjenja, Isus je uvijek bio spreman da se inteligentno i svjesno povinuje roditeljskim željama i obiteljskim pravilima.
1955 123:3.10 Much of his spare time—when his mother did not require his help about the house—was spent studying the flowers and plants by day and the stars by night. He evinced a troublesome penchant for lying on his back and gazing wonderingly up into the starry heavens long after his usual bedtime in this well-ordered Nazareth household.
2014 123:3.10 Veći dio slobodnog vremena - kad god nije trebao pomagati svojoj majci oko kuće - Isus je provodio proučavajući cvijeće i biljke preko dana, a zvijezde preko noći. Koristio je svaku priliku da legne na leđa i promatra zvjezdani svod nakon vremena za počinak u ovom dobro organiziranom nazaretskom domaćinstvu.
¶ 3. SEDMA GODINA (1. GODINA P. K.)
4. THE SEVENTH YEAR (A.D. 1)
3. SEDMA GODINA (1. GODINA P. K.)
1955 123:4.1 This was, indeed, an eventful year in Jesus’ life. Early in January a great snowstorm occurred in Galilee. Snow fell two feet deep, the heaviest snowfall Jesus saw during his lifetime and one of the deepest at Nazareth in a hundred years.
2014 123:4.1 To je, doista, bila znamenita godina u Isusovom životu. Rano u siječnju, Galileju je pogodila velika snježna oluja. Snijeg je bio dubok dobrih pola metra, najteži koji je Isus vidio u svom životu, i jedan od najdubljih koji je pao u Nazaretu u posljednjih sto godina.
1955 123:4.2 The play life of Jewish children in the times of Jesus was rather circumscribed; all too often the children played at the more serious things they observed their elders doing. They played much at weddings and funerals, ceremonies which they so frequently saw and which were so spectacular. They danced and sang but had few organized games, such as children of later days so much enjoy.
2014 123:4.2 Židovska djeca u Isusovo vrijeme su bila dosta ograničena u svojim igrama; često su se znala igrati imitirajući ozbiljnije aktivnosti odraslih. Imitirali su svadbe i sahrane, ceremonije koje su tako često imali prilike vidjeti i koje su djeci djelovale spektaktularno. Znali su plesati i pjevati, ali nisu imali velik broj organiziranih igara u kojima djeca danas uživaju.
1955 123:4.3 Jesus, in company with a neighbor boy and later his brother James, delighted to play in the far corner of the family carpenter shop, where they had great fun with the shavings and the blocks of wood. It was always difficult for Jesus to comprehend the harm of certain sorts of play which were forbidden on the Sabbath, but he never failed to conform to his parents’ wishes. He had a capacity for humor and play which was afforded little opportunity for expression in the environment of his day and generation, but up to the age of fourteen he was cheerful and lighthearted most of the time.
2014 123:4.3 Isus se, s jednim dječakom iz susjedstva i kasnije svojim bratom Jakovom, najviše volio igrati u udaljenom kutu obiteljske tesarske radnje, gdje se zabavljao u igri sa strugotinama i blokovima drveta. Isus nikada nije bio u stanju shvatiti zašto su pojedine igre bile zabranjene subotom, ali se bez iznimke povinovao željama svojih roditelja. Imao je sposobnost za humor i igru koja je imala malo prilike za izražaj u okruženju njegove dobi i generacije, ali je do četrnaeste godine najveći dio vremena bio veseo i vedar.
1955 123:4.4 Mary maintained a dovecote on top of the animal house adjoining the home, and they used the profits from the sale of doves as a special charity fund, which Jesus administered after he deducted the tithe and turned it over to the officer of the synagogue.
2014 123:4.4 Marija je držala golubinjak na krovu staje koja se nadovezivala na kuću, i od prihoda od prodaje golubova formirali su posebnu dobrotvornu zakladu koju je Isus dijelio nakon isplate desetine službeniku sinagoge.
1955 123:4.5 The only real accident Jesus had up to this time was a fall down the back-yard stone stairs which led up to the canvas-roofed bedroom. It happened during an unexpected July sandstorm from the east. The hot winds, carrying blasts of fine sand, usually blew during the rainy season, especially in March and April. It was extraordinary to have such a storm in July. When the storm came up, Jesus was on the housetop playing, as was his habit, for during much of the dry season this was his accustomed playroom. He was blinded by the sand when descending the stairs and fell. After this accident Joseph built a balustrade up both sides of the stairway.
2014 123:4.5 Jedina prava nesreća koja je zadesila Isusa do tog vremena je bio pad s kamenog stepeništa iza kuće koje je vodilo do krova s platnenom tendom koji je služio kao spavaća soba. To se dogodilo u mjesecu srpnju, za vrijeme neočekivane pješčane oluje s istoka. Vrući vjetar, s jakim udarima sitnog pijeska, obično puše tijekom kišne sezone, posebno u ožujku i travnju. Bilo je neobično imati takvu oluju u srpnju. Kad se oluja počela primicati, Isus se igrao na krovu, kao što je imao običaj činiti, jer to bila njegova igraona za vrijeme suhe sezone. Silazeći s krova, oslijepio je od pijeska i pao. Nakon ove nesreće, Josip je sagradio ogradu na obdje strane stepenica.
1955 123:4.6 There was no way in which this accident could have been prevented. It was not chargeable to neglect by the midway temporal guardians, one primary and one secondary midwayer having been assigned to the watchcare of the lad; neither was it chargeable to the guardian seraphim. It simply could not have been avoided. But this slight accident, occurring while Joseph was absent in Endor, caused such great anxiety to develop in Mary’s mind that she unwisely tried to keep Jesus very close to her side for some months.
2014 123:4.6 Ovaj se udes nije mogao spriječiti. Nije ispravno pripisati ovaj događaj nepažnji njegovih vremenskih zaštitnika - jednog primarnog i jednog sekundarnog srednjeg bića - koji su bili mladićevi skrbnici; niti treba kriviti serafina čuvara. Ta se nezgoda jednostavno nije mogla izbjeći. Ali ovaj je manji udes, koji se dogodio dok je Josip bio u Endori, izazvao toliku tjeskobu u Marijinom umu da se mjesecima nerazumno nije odvajala od Isusa.
1955 123:4.7 Material accidents, commonplace occurrences of a physical nature, are not arbitrarily interfered with by celestial personalities. Under ordinary circumstances only midway creatures can intervene in material conditions to safeguard the persons of men and women of destiny, and even in special situations these beings can so act only in obedience to the specific mandates of their superiors.
2014 123:4.7 Nebeske ličnosti se ne upliću samovoljno u materijalne nesreće, uobičajene pojave fizičke prirode. U normalnim okolnostima, samo srednja bića smiju intervenirati u materijalnim okolnostima da zaštite muškarce i žene sudbine i u posebnim situacijama ta bića mogu tako djelovati samo u skladu s nalozima svojih nadređenih.
1955 123:4.8 And this was but one of a number of such minor accidents which subsequently befell this inquisitive and adventurous youth. If you envisage the average childhood and youth of an aggressive boy, you will have a fairly good idea of the youthful career of Jesus, and you will be able to imagine just about how much anxiety he caused his parents, particularly his mother.
2014 123:4.8 Bila je to samo jedna u nizu od manjih nesreća koje su naknadno zadesile ovog radoznalog i pustolovnog mladića. Ako zamislite prosječno djetinjstvo i energičnog dječaka, imat ćete prilično dobru ideju o Isusovoj mladosti, i bit ćete u mogućnosti zamisliti koliku je anksioznost uzrokovao svojim roditeljima, a posebno majci.
¶ 3. ŠKOLSKI DANI U NAZARETU
5. SCHOOL DAYS IN NAZARETH
3. ŠKOLSKI DANI U NAZARETU
1955 123:5.1 Jesus was now seven years old, the age when Jewish children were supposed to begin their formal education in the synagogue schools. Accordingly, in August of this year he entered upon his eventful school life at Nazareth. Already this lad was a fluent reader, writer, and speaker of two languages, Aramaic and Greek. He was now to acquaint himself with the task of learning to read, write, and speak the Hebrew language. And he was truly eager for the new school life which was ahead of him.
2014 123:5.1 Isusu je sada imao sedam godina - vrijeme kad su židovska djeca trebala započeti službeno obrazovanje u sinogoškoj školi. On je prema tome u kolovozu ove godine započeo svoju znamenitu obrazovnu karijeru u Nazaretu. Mladić je već bio u stanju tečno čitati, pisati i govoriti dva jezika - aramejski i grčki. Sad se trebao upoznati s čitanjem, pisanjem i govorenjem hebrejskog jezika. I on se s velikim iščekivanjem radovao predstojećem školovanju.
1955 123:5.2 For three years—until he was ten—he attended the elementary school of the Nazareth synagogue. For these three years he studied the rudiments of the Book of the Law as it was recorded in the Hebrew tongue. For the following three years he studied in the advanced school and committed to memory, by the method of repeating aloud, the deeper teachings of the sacred law. He graduated from this school of the synagogue during his thirteenth year and was turned over to his parents by the synagogue rulers as an educated “son of the commandment”—henceforth a responsible citizen of the commonwealth of Israel, all of which entailed his attendance at the Passovers in Jerusalem; accordingly, he attended his first Passover that year in company with his father and mother.
2014 123:5.2 Tri godine - dok mu nije bilo deset godina - pohađao je osnovnu školu u nazaretskoj sinagogi. Ove tri godine proučavao je osnove Knjige Zakona napisane na hebrejskom. Poslije toga, proveo je tri godine u višoj školi, gdje je metodom glasnog ponavljanja studirao i napamet naučio dublja načela svetog zakona. Diplomirao je iz sinagoške škole u trinaestoj godini, kad su ga poglavari sinagoge predali njegovim roditeljima kao obrazovanog “sina zapovijedi” - odgovornog građanina izraelske zajednice, što je podrazumijevalo odlazak u Jeruzalem na proslavu Pashe; Isus je tako ove godine prisustvovao svojoj prvoj proslavi Pashe u društvu svog oca i majke.
1955 123:5.3 At Nazareth the pupils sat on the floor in a semicircle, while their teacher, the chazan, an officer of the synagogue, sat facing them. Beginning with the Book of Leviticus, they passed on to the study of the other books of the law, followed by the study of the Prophets and the Psalms. The Nazareth synagogue possessed a complete copy of the Scriptures in Hebrew. Nothing but the Scriptures was studied prior to the twelfth year. In the summer months the hours for school were greatly shortened.
2014 123:5.3 U Nazaretu, učenici su sjedili na podu u polukrugu, a nasuprot njih je sjedio njihov učitelj, hazan, koji je bio službenik sinagoge. Prvo su čitali Levitski zakonik, a poslije toga su prešli na proučavanje ostalih knjiga zakona, kao i studiju Proroka i Psalma. Nazaretska sinagoga je imala kompletnu kopiju Pisma na hebrejskom. Do dvanaeste godine nisu proučavali ništa drugo osim Svetog pisma. U ljetnim mjesecima, škola je imala znatno kraće sate.
1955 123:5.4 Jesus early became a master of Hebrew, and as a young man, when no visitor of prominence happened to be sojourning in Nazareth, he would often be asked to read the Hebrew scriptures to the faithful assembled in the synagogue at the regular Sabbath services.
2014 123:5.4 Isus je rano savladao hebrejski i kad je bio mladić, ako nisu imali istaknutih gostiju u Nazaretu, često su od njega tražili da čita hebrejske spise vjernicima koji su se okupljali u sinagogi na redovnoj subotnjoj službi.
1955 123:5.5 These synagogue schools, of course, had no textbooks. In teaching, the chazan would utter a statement while the pupils would in unison repeat it after him. When having access to the written books of the law, the student learned his lesson by reading aloud and by constant repetition.
2014 123:5.5 Ove sinagoške škole, naravno, nisu imale udžbenika. Hazan je recitirao odlomke koje su učenici zajednički ponavljali za njim. Kad su imali pristupa pisanim knjigama zakona, učenici su učili tekst napamet glasnim čitanjem i ponavljanjem.
1955 123:5.6 Next, in addition to his more formal schooling, Jesus began to make contact with human nature from the four quarters of the earth as men from many lands passed in and out of his father’s repair shop. When he grew older, he mingled freely with the caravans as they tarried near the spring for rest and nourishment. Being a fluent speaker of Greek, he had little trouble in conversing with the majority of the caravan travelers and conductors.
2014 123:5.6 Na stranu od formalnog obrazovanja, Isus je dolazio u kontakt s ljudskom prirodom sa sve četiri strane svijeta, kako su ljudi iz mnogih krajeva svijeta navraćali u radnju njegova oca. Kad je odrastao, počeo se slobodno kretati među karavanima koji su se obično odmarali i krijepili pored vrela. Kako je tečno govorio grčki, lako je mogao razgovarati s najvećim brojem karavanskih putnika i vodiča.
1955 123:5.7 Nazareth was a caravan way station and crossroads of travel and largely gentile in population; at the same time it was widely known as a center of liberal interpretation of Jewish traditional law. In Galilee the Jews mingled more freely with the gentiles than was their practice in Judea. And of all the cities of Galilee, the Jews of Nazareth were most liberal in their interpretation of the social restrictions based on the fears of contamination as a result of contact with the gentiles. And these conditions gave rise to the common saying in Jerusalem, “Can any good thing come out of Nazareth?”
2014 123:5.7 Nazaret je bio karavanska stanica i sjecište mnogih putničkih staza i u njemu su većinom živjeli nežidovi; u isto vrijeme je bio poznat kao središte liberalnog tumačenja židovskog tradicionalnog zakona. U Galileji su se Židovi slobodnije družili s nežidovima nego što su imali običaj činiti u Judeji. I od svih galilejskih gradova, Židovi iz Nazareta su bili najliberalniji u tumačenju društvenih ograničenja koja su se temeljila na strahu od kontaminacije u konataktu s nežidovima. I upravo zbog tih okolnosti, ljudi su imali običaj reći: “Iz Nazareta, može li što dobro izići?”[9]
1955 123:5.8 Jesus received his moral training and spiritual culture chiefly in his own home. He secured much of his intellectual and theological education from the chazan. But his real education—that equipment of mind and heart for the actual test of grappling with the difficult problems of life—he obtained by mingling with his fellow men. It was this close association with his fellow men, young and old, Jew and gentile, that afforded him the opportunity to know the human race. Jesus was highly educated in that he thoroughly understood men and devotedly loved them.
2014 123:5.8 Isus je uglavnom primio svoje moralno vaspitanje i duhovnu kulturu u svojoj kući. Od hazana je dobio veći dio svog intelektualnog i teološkog obrazovanja. No, svoje stvarno obrazovanje - pripremu uma i srca za stvarni ispit hvatanja u koštac s teškim životnim problemima - stekao je druženjem sa svojim bližnjima. Zahvaljujući svom bliskom kontaktu sa svojim bližnjima - mladim i starim, Židovima i nežidovima - imao je priliku da upozna ljudske rase. Isus je bio visoko obrazovan u tome što je imao dobro razumijevanje ljudi i odanu ljubav prema njima.
1955 123:5.9 Throughout his years at the synagogue he was a brilliant student, possessing a great advantage since he was conversant with three languages. The Nazareth chazan, on the occasion of Jesus’ finishing the course in his school, remarked to Joseph that he feared he “had learned more from Jesus’ searching questions” than he had “been able to teach the lad.”
2014 123:5.9 Tijekom svojih godina u sinagogi, bio je odličan učenik koji je imao veliku prednost u tome što je poznavao tri jezika. Nazaretski hazan, nakon što je Isus završio sinagošku školu, je rekao Josipu kako se bojao da je on “više naučio od Isusovih radoznalih pitanja” nego što je “bio u mogućnosti poučiti mladića.”
1955 123:5.10 Throughout his course of study Jesus learned much and derived great inspiration from the regular Sabbath sermons in the synagogue. It was customary to ask distinguished visitors, stopping over the Sabbath in Nazareth, to address the synagogue. As Jesus grew up, he heard many great thinkers of the entire Jewish world expound their views, and many also who were hardly orthodox Jews since the synagogue of Nazareth was an advanced and liberal center of Hebrew thought and culture.
2014 123:5.10 Tijekom studija, Isus je stekao veliko znanje i izvanrednu inspiraciju iz redovitog pohađanja subotnjih propovijedi u sinagogi. Bilo je uobičajeno pitati ugledne posjetitelje koji su se zadesili subotom u Nazaretu, da se obrate sinagogi. Za svoje mladosti, Isus je imao priliku čuti stajališta velikog broja istaknutih mislilaca iz cijelog židovskog svijeta, među kojima je veliki broj odudarao od ortodoksnih zakona Židova, jer je nazaretska sinagoga bila napredno i liberalno središte hebrejske misli i kulture.
1955 123:5.11 When entering school at seven years (at this time the Jews had just inaugurated a compulsory education law), it was customary for the pupils to choose their “birthday text,” a sort of golden rule to guide them throughout their studies, one upon which they often expatiated at their graduation when thirteen years old. The text which Jesus chose was from the Prophet Isaiah: “The spirit of the Lord God is upon me, for the Lord has anointed me; he has sent me to bring good news to the meek, to bind up the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, and to set the spiritual prisoners free.”
2014 123:5.11 Na samom početku školovanja u sedmoj godini (u to vrijeme Židovi su upravo uveli zakon o prinudnom obrazovanju), bilo je uobičajeno da učenici odaberu svoj “rođendanski odlomak,” neku vrstu zlatnog pravila kojeg se mogu držati za vrijeme studija i na koje bi se podrobnijeosvrnuli u svom diplomskom govoru u trinaestoj godini.Isus je odabrao sljedeći odlomak iz Proroka Izaije: “Duh Gospodina Boga na meni je, jer me Gospodin pomazao; poslao me je da radosnu vijest donesem krotkima, da iscijelim srca slomljena, da navijestim slobodu zarobljenima i oslobođenje duhovnim služnjevima[10].”
1955 123:5.12 Nazareth was one of the twenty-four priest centers of the Hebrew nation. But the Galilean priesthood was more liberal in the interpretation of the traditional laws than were the Judean scribes and rabbis. And at Nazareth they were also more liberal regarding the observance of the Sabbath. It was therefore the custom for Joseph to take Jesus out for walks on Sabbath afternoons, one of their favorite jaunts being to climb the high hill near their home, from which they could obtain a panoramic view of all Galilee. To the northwest, on clear days, they could see the long ridge of Mount Carmel running down to the sea; and many times Jesus heard his father relate the story of Elijah, one of the first of that long line of Hebrew prophets, who reproved Ahab and exposed the priests of Baal. To the north Mount Hermon raised its snowy peak in majestic splendor and monopolized the skyline, almost 3,000 feet of the upper slopes glistening white with perpetual snow. Far to the east they could discern the Jordan valley and, far beyond, the rocky hills of Moab. Also to the south and the east, when the sun shone upon their marble walls, they could see the Greco-Roman cities of the Decapolis, with their amphitheaters and pretentious temples. And when they lingered toward the going down of the sun, to the west they could make out the sailing vessels on the distant Mediterranean.
2014 123:5.12 Nazaret je bio jedan od dvadeset i četiri svećenička središta hebrejske nacije. Ali galilejsko svećenstvo je bilo liberalnije u interpretaciji tradicionalnih zakona, nego što su bili judejski književnici i rabini. Nazaret je bio liberalniji i u pogledu svetkovanja subote. Stoga je Josip imao običaj povesti Isusa u šetnju subotom poslije podne, a jedna od njihovih omiljenih radosti je bila posjeta visokom brdu u blizini njihove kuće, odakle se pružao panoramski pogled na cijelu Galileju. Vedrim danima, na sjeverozapadu su mogli vidjeti dugi greben brda Karmel koji se protezao prema moru; Isus je mnogo puta čuo od svog oca priču o Iliji, jednom od prvih u nizu hebrejskih proroka, koji je ukorio Ahaba i izvrgnuo svećenike Baala[11]. Prema sjeveru se veličanstveno uzdizao snježni vrh planine Hermon koji je dominirao cijeli svod, visok gotovo tisuću metara, koji je na gornjim padinama bio prekriven blistavom bjelinom vječnog snijega. Daleko na istoku su mogli razaznati dolinu Jordana, a daleko iza nje, stjenovite padine Moaba. Prema jugu i istoku, dok je sunce obasjavalo mramorne zidove, mogli su vidjeti grčko-rimske gradove Dekapola s amfiteatrima i pretencioznim hramovima. A kad bi tu ostali do zalaska sunca, na zapadu su mogli razaznati jedrenjake na dalekom Mediteranu.
1955 123:5.13 From four directions Jesus could observe the caravan trains as they wended their way in and out of Nazareth, and to the south he could overlook the broad and fertile plain country of Esdraelon, stretching off toward Mount Gilboa and Samaria.
2014 123:5.13 Na sve četiri strane Isus je mogao vidjeti karavane koji su ulazili i izlazili iz Nazareta, dok se prema istoku pružao pogled na prostrana i plodna polja Ezrelona koja su se protezala prema gori Gilboi i Samariji.
1955 123:5.14 When they did not climb the heights to view the distant landscape, they strolled through the countryside and studied nature in her various moods in accordance with the seasons. Jesus’ earliest training, aside from that of the home hearth, had to do with a reverent and sympathetic contact with nature.
2014 123:5.14 Kad se nisu penjali na obližnja brda kako bi uživali u pogledu na udaljeni krajolik, imali su običaj ići u sela i pručavati prirodu u njezinim različitim raspoloženjima u skladu s ugođajem godišnjih doba. Isusovo prvo obrazovanje, osim u okviru njegove obitelji, počiva u poštovanju i suosjećajnom dodiru s prirodom.
1955 123:5.15 Before he was eight years of age, he was known to all the mothers and young women of Nazareth, who had met him and talked with him at the spring, which was not far from his home, and which was one of the social centers of contact and gossip for the entire town. This year Jesus learned to milk the family cow and care for the other animals. During this and the following year he also learned to make cheese and to weave. When he was ten years of age, he was an expert loom operator. It was about this time that Jesus and the neighbor boy Jacob became great friends of the potter who worked near the flowing spring; and as they watched Nathan’s deft fingers mold the clay on the potter’s wheel, many times both of them determined to be potters when they grew up. Nathan was very fond of the lads and often gave them clay to play with, seeking to stimulate their creative imaginations by suggesting competitive efforts in modeling various objects and animals.
2014 123:5.15 Prije nego što mu je bilo osam godina, Isusa su upoznale sve majke i djevojke iz Nazareta, koje su ga imale priliku sresti i s njim razgovarati na vrelu nedaleko od njegove kuće, koje je služilo kao jedan od društvenih centara kontakta i razmjene informacija u cijelom gradu.Isus je ove godine naučio musti obiteljsku kravu i brinuti se o drugim životinjama. Tijekom ove i naredne godine, naučio je praviti sir i tkati. Kad mu je bilo deset godina, odlično je znao upravljati razbojem. Otprilike u ovo doba, Isus i njegov prijatelj Jakov su se sprijateljili s lončarem koji je radio nedaleko od obližnjeg vrela; i dok su promatrali kako Natanijevi vješti prsti oblikuju glinu, Isus i Jakov su mnogo puta odlučili da će postati lončari kad odrastu. Natanije je jako volio dječake i imao je običaj da im dadne gline da se igraju, nastojeći potaći njihovu stvaralačku maštu dok su se natjecali tko će napraviti bolji model različitih predmeta i životinja.
¶ 4. OSMA GODINA (2. GODINA P. K.)
6. HIS EIGHTH YEAR (A.D. 2)
4. OSMA GODINA (2. GODINA P. K.)
1955 123:6.1 This was an interesting year at school. Although Jesus was not an unusual student, he was a diligent pupil and belonged to the more progressive third of the class, doing his work so well that he was excused from attendance one week out of each month. This week he usually spent either with his fisherman uncle on the shores of the Sea of Galilee near Magdala or on the farm of another uncle (his mother’s brother) five miles south of Nazareth.
2014 123:6.1 Bila je to zanimljiva školska godina. Isus nije bio neuobičajen učenik, ali je bio vrijedan i ubrajao se među napredniju trećinu đaka, i kako je dobro podmirivao svoje obveze, svakog je mjeseca imao jedan tjedan dopusta od škole. Ovaj tjedan je obično provodio bilo sa svojim ujakom koji je bio ribar na obalama Genezaretskog jezera nedaleko od Magdale ili na selu kod ujaka (majčinog brata) koji je živio nekih osam kilometara južno od Nazareta.
1955 123:6.2 Although his mother had become unduly anxious about his health and safety, she gradually became reconciled to these trips away from home. Jesus’ uncles and aunts were all very fond of him, and there ensued a lively competition among them to secure his company for these monthly visits throughout this and immediately subsequent years. His first week’s sojourn on his uncle’s farm (since infancy) was in January of this year; the first week’s fishing experience on the Sea of Galilee occurred in the month of May.
2014 123:6.2 Premda se njegova majka pretjerano brinula za dječakovo zdravlje i sigurnost, postupno se pomirila s ovim putovanjima daleko od kuće. Isusovi stričevi i tete su jako voljeli dječaka, i simpatično su se natjecali među sobom da mu pruže gostoprimstvo za ovih mjesečnih posjeta tijekom ove i narednih godina. Njegov prvi tjedan boravka na ujakovoj farmi (od najranijeg djetinjstva) je bio u siječnju ove godine; prvi put je išao u ribu na Genezaretskom jezeru u mjesecu svibnju.
1955 123:6.3 About this time Jesus met a teacher of mathematics from Damascus, and learning some new techniques of numbers, he spent much time on mathematics for several years. He developed a keen sense of numbers, distances, and proportions.
2014 123:6.3 Otprilike u to vrijeme Isus je upoznao učitelja matematike iz Damaska, koji ga je poučio novim brojnim operacijama i s kojim je proveo dosta vremena baveći se matematikom kroz više godina. Razvio je odličan smisao za operacije s brojevima, udaljenosti i proporcije.
1955 123:6.4 Jesus began to enjoy his brother James very much and by the end of this year had begun to teach him the alphabet.
2014 123:6.4 Isus je počeo uživati u druženju sa svojim bratom Jakovom, i pred kraj ove godine ga je počeo učiti abecedi.
1955 123:6.5 This year Jesus made arrangements to exchange dairy products for lessons on the harp. He had an unusual liking for everything musical. Later on he did much to promote an interest in vocal music among his youthful associates. By the time he was eleven years of age, he was a skillful harpist and greatly enjoyed entertaining both family and friends with his extraordinary interpretations and able improvisations.
2014 123:6.5 Isus je ove godine počeo razmjenjivati mliječne proizvode za satove harfe. Imao je neuobičajenu glazbenu naklonost. U kasnijim je godinama nastojao unaprijediti vokalnu glazbu među svojim vršnjacima. Prije nego što će navršiti jedanaest godina, vješto je ovladao harfom i jako uživao kad god mu se pružila prilika da izvede svoje izvanredne interpretacije i profesionalne improvizacije pred svojom obitelji i prijateljima.
1955 123:6.6 While Jesus continued to make enviable progress at school, all did not run smoothly for either parents or teachers. He persisted in asking many embarrassing questions concerning both science and religion, particularly regarding geography and astronomy. He was especially insistent on finding out why there was a dry season and a rainy season in Palestine. Repeatedly he sought the explanation for the great difference between the temperatures of Nazareth and the Jordan valley. He simply never ceased to ask such intelligent but perplexing questions.
2014 123:6.6 Dok je Isus nastavio postizati zavidne rezultate u školi, stvari nisu uvijek glatko stajale s njegovim roditeljima i učiteljima. On je ustrajavao u traženju odgovora na svoja neugodna pitanja o znanosti i religiji, a osobito u pogledu zemljopisa i astronomije. Posebno je inzistirao da pronađe odgovor na pitanje zašto je Palestina imala suhu i kišnu sezonu. Neprestano je tražio objašnjenje za velike razlike u temperaturi između Nazareta i Jordanske doline. Jednostavno nije prestajao postavljati takva inteligentna, ali zbunjujuća pitanja.
1955 123:6.8 In February, Nahor, one of the teachers in a Jerusalem academy of the rabbis, came to Nazareth to observe Jesus, having been on a similar mission to Zacharias’s home near Jerusalem. He came to Nazareth at the instigation of John’s father. While at first he was somewhat shocked by Jesus’ frankness and unconventional manner of relating himself to things religious, he attributed it to the remoteness of Galilee from the centers of Hebrew learning and culture and advised Joseph and Mary to allow him to take Jesus back with him to Jerusalem, where he could have the advantages of education and training at the center of Jewish culture. Mary was half persuaded to consent; she was convinced her eldest son was to become the Messiah, the Jewish deliverer; Joseph hesitated; he was equally persuaded that Jesus was to grow up to become a man of destiny, but what that destiny would prove to be he was profoundly uncertain. But he never really doubted that his son was to fulfill some great mission on earth. The more he thought about Nahor’s advice, the more he questioned the wisdom of the proposed sojourn in Jerusalem.
2014 123:6.8 U mjesecu veljači u Nazaret je došao jedan Nahor, učitelj jeruzalemske rabinske akademije, s namjerom da upozna Isusa, kako je već bio u posjeti kod Zaharija blizu Jeruzalema. On je došao u Nazaret na nagovor Ivana oca. Dok ga je u početku donekle šokirala Isusova iskrenost i njegov nekonvencionalni odnos prema religioznim pitanjima, objasnio je ovu pojavu udaljenošću Galileje od većih središta hebrejskog učenja i kulture, i tražio da mu Marija i Josip dopuste da povede Isusa u Jeruzalem, gdje je dječak imao prednosti u obrazovanju i obuci u samom središtu židovske kulture. Marija je bila napola spremna pristati; bila je uvjerena da je njezin najstariji sin trebao postati Mesija, židovski izručitelj; ali Josip je oklijevao; bio je jednako uvjeren da je Isus trebao postati čovjek sudbine, ali nije bio siguran u čemu se ta sudbina trebala sastojati.Ali on nikada nije sumnjao da je njegov sin trebao ispuniti neku veliku misiju na zemlji. Što je više razmišljaoo Nahorovu prijedlogu, to je više sumnjao u mudrost predloženog odlaska u Jeruzalem.
1955 123:6.9 Because of this difference of opinion between Joseph and Mary, Nahor requested permission to lay the whole matter before Jesus. Jesus listened attentively, talked with Joseph, Mary, and a neighbor, Jacob the stone mason, whose son was his favorite playmate, and then, two days later, reported that since there was such a difference of opinion among his parents and advisers, and since he did not feel competent to assume the responsibility for such a decision, not feeling strongly one way or the other, in view of the whole situation, he had finally decided to “talk with my Father who is in heaven”; and while he was not perfectly sure about the answer, he rather felt he should remain at home “with my father and mother,” adding, “they who love me so much should be able to do more for me and guide me more safely than strangers who can only view my body and observe my mind but can hardly truly know me.” They all marveled, and Nahor went his way, back to Jerusalem. And it was many years before the subject of Jesus’ going away from home again came up for consideration.
2014 123:6.9 Zbog ove razlike u mišljenju između Josipa i Marije, Nahor je zatražio dopuštenje da predstavi cijelu stvar Isusu. Isus ga je pažljivo saslušao, razgovarao s Josipom i Marijom i susjedom Jakovom, klesarom s čijim se sinom rado družio, te je zatim, nakon dva dana saopćio da zbog tako velike razlike u mišljenju među njegovim roditeljima i savjetnicima i budući da se nije osjećao spremnim preuzeti odgovornost za tako veliku odluku, a kako nije snažno naginjao ni jednoj strani, s obzirom na cijelu situaciju, napokon odlučio da “razgovara sa svojim Ocem koji je na nebu”; i dok nije bio posve siguran u odgovor, osjećao je da je bilo najbolje ostati kod kuće “s mojim ocem i majkom,” zaključivši da su “oni koji me toliko vole bolje u stanju za mene više učiniti i ponuditi povoljnije i sigurnije vodstvo od stranaca koji mogu vidjeti moje tijelo i promatrati rad moga uma, ali koji me doista ne poznaju.” Svi su se divili odgovoru, a Nahor se vratio u Jeruzalem. I prošlo je mnogo godina prije nego što su ponovo govorili na temu Isusova odlaska u Jeruzalem.
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¶ Reference
¶ Biblija
- ↑ 123:0.3 Daljnje odgađanje: Mt 2:21.
- ↑ 123:0.5 Nazaret izabran za dom: Mt 2:22-23.
- ↑ 123:0.6 Odlazak u Nazaret: Lk 2:39.
- ↑ 123:1.1 Dolazak u Nazaret: Lk 2:39.
- ↑ 123:1.2 Isusovo zdravlje: Lk 2:40.
- ↑ 123:1.5 Isusov brat, Jakov: Mt 13:55; Mt 27:56; Mk 6:3; Mk 15:40; Gal 1:19.
- ↑ 123:2.3 Isusova sestra, Miriam: Mt 13:56; Mk 6:3.
- ↑ 123:4.9 Isusov brat, Josip: Mt 13:55; Mt 27:56; Mk 6:3; Mk 15:40.
- ↑ 123:5.7 Može li išta dobro doći iz Nazareta?: Iv 1:46.
- ↑ 123:5.11 Duh Gospodnji je na meni: Iz 61:1.
- ↑ 123:5.12 Priča o Iliji: 1 Kr 17:1-19:21; 1 Kr 21:17-29; 2 Kr 1:3-2:11.
- ↑ 123:6.7 Isusov brat, Šimun: Mt 13:55; Mk 6:3.