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DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN CIVILIZATION
POGLAVLJE 81 : RAZVOJ SUVREMENE CIVILIZACIJE
1955 81:0.1 REGARDLESS of the ups and downs of the miscarriage of the plans for world betterment projected in the missions of Caligastia and Adam, the basic organic evolution of the human species continued to carry the races forward in the scale of human progress and racial development. Evolution can be delayed but it cannot be stopped.
2014 81:0.1 NEOVISNO o usponima i padovima koji su pratili pobačaj planiranog svjetskog unaprijeđenjaKaligastijinom i Adamovom misijom, osnovna organska evolucija ljudske rase se nastavila kretati u pravcu daljeg ljudskog napretka i rasnog razvoja. Evolucija može biti odgođena, ali ne i zaustavljena.
1955 81:0.2 The influence of the violet race, though in numbers smaller than had been planned, produced an advance in civilization which, since the days of Adam, has far exceeded the progress of mankind throughout its entire previous existence of almost a million years.
2014 81:0.2 Unatoč tome što nije uspjela dostići planiranu brojnost, ljubičasta rasa je ostvarila civilizacijski napredak koji je od Adamovog doba na dalje, daleko nadmašio gotovo cjelokupni napredak dotadašnje milijungodišnje egzistencije čovječanstva.
¶ 1. KOLIJEVKA CIVILIZACIJE
1. THE CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION
1. KOLIJEVKA CIVILIZACIJE
1955 81:1.1 For about thirty-five thousand years after the days of Adam, the cradle of civilization was in southwestern Asia, extending from the Nile valley eastward and slightly to the north across northern Arabia, through Mesopotamia, and on into Turkestan. And climate was the decisive factor in the establishment of civilization in that area.
2014 81:1.1 Gotovo trideset pet tisuća godina nakon Adamovog doba, kolijevka civilizacije je počivala u jugozapadnoj Aziji, šireći se od doline Nila prema istoku i djelomično u pravcu sjevera preko sjeverne Arabije, te preko Mezopotamije i Turkestana. I klima je bila presudni činitelj pri utemeljenju civilizacije u ovom podneblju.
1955 81:1.2 It was the great climatic and geologic changes in northern Africa and western Asia that terminated the early migrations of the Adamites, barring them from Europe by the expanded Mediterranean and diverting the stream of migration north and east into Turkestan. By the time of the completion of these land elevations and associated climatic changes, about 15,000 B.C., civilization had settled down to a world-wide stalemate except for the cultural ferments and biologic reserves of the Andites still confined by mountains to the east in Asia and by the expanding forests in Europe to the west.
2014 81:1.2 Velike klimatske i geološke promjene koje su zahvatile sjevernu Afriku i zapadnu Aziju predstavljaju utjecaj koji je okončao migracije Adamita, spriječivši dalji prodor ovog naroda u Evropu proširenjem Mediterana i skrenuvši tijek njihovih migracija prema sjeveru i istoku u Turkestan. Tijekom posljednjih godina formiranja ovih zemljišnih uzvišenja povezanih s klimatskim promjenama, otprilike 15,000 pr.K., civilizacija je dostigla mrtvu točku razvoja po svemu izuzev anditskog kulturnog kvasca i biološkog potencijala koji je još uvijek bio ograničen Azijskim goijima na istoku i sve širim Evropskim šumskim oblastima na zapadu.
1955 81:1.3 Climatic evolution is now about to accomplish what all other efforts had failed to do, that is, to compel Eurasian man to abandon hunting for the more advanced callings of herding and farming. Evolution may be slow, but it is terribly effective.
2014 81:1.3 Klimatska evolucija je ovog časa bila u prilici postići to što se nije moglo postići ni jednim drugim metodom--primorati Evroazijskog čovjeka da se odrekne lova u korist naprednijih stočarskih i zemljoradničkih aktivnosti. Dok može biti spora, evolucija je strašno djelotvorna.
1955 81:1.4 Since slaves were so generally employed by the earlier agriculturists, the farmer was formerly looked down on by both the hunter and the herder. For ages it was considered menial to till the soil; wherefore the idea that soil toil is a curse, whereas it is the greatest of all blessings. Even in the days of Cain and Abel the sacrifices of the pastoral life were held in greater esteem than the offerings of agriculture.
2014 81:1.4 Kako su zemljoradnici već počeli iskorištavati robove pri izvršenju poljoprivrednih aktivnosti, lovci i stočari su gledali na poljoprivrednike s puno prezira. Obrada zemlje je stoljećima smatrana poslužničkom aktivnošću; odatle vjerovanje da je obrada zemlje prokletstvo, dok je ustvari najveće blaženstvo
[1]. Čak i za vrijeme Kajina i Abela, stočarske žrtve su uživale veću naklonost od žrtvi zemaljskih plodova[2].
1955 81:1.5 Man ordinarily evolved into a farmer from a hunter by transition through the era of the herder, and this was also true among the Andites, but more often the evolutionary coercion of climatic necessity would cause whole tribes to pass directly from hunters to successful farmers. But this phenomenon of passing immediately from hunting to agriculture only occurred in those regions where there was a high degree of race mixture with the violet stock.
2014 81:1.5 Čovjek je normalno prihvaćao zemljoradnju prijelazom kroz stočarsko razdoblje i premda se ovo odnosi i na Andite, češće je bio slučaj da je klimatska evolutivna nužda navodila cijela plemena naizravan prijelaz s lova na uspješno bavljenje obradom zemlje. Ali ova pojava izravnog prijelaza s lova na zemljoradnju obuhvaća jedino oblasti obilježene visokim stupnjem ljubičaste rasne primjese.
1955 81:1.6 The evolutionary peoples (notably the Chinese) early learned to plant seeds and to cultivate crops through observation of the sprouting of seeds accidentally moistened or which had been put in graves as food for the departed. But throughout southwest Asia, along the fertile river bottoms and adjacent plains, the Andites were carrying out the improved agricultural techniques inherited from their ancestors, who had made farming and gardening the chief pursuits within the boundaries of the second garden.
2014 81:1.6 Evolutivni narodi (prvenstveno Kinezi) su rano naučili sijati zrnje i uzgajati usjeve jednostavno tako što su slučajno otkrili da zrnje pokopano kao hrana preminulima klija pri kontaktu s vodom. Ali širom jugozapadne Azije, duž plodnih oblasti riječnih korita i obližnjih ravnica, Anditi su se bavili naprednijim poljoprivrednim aktivnostima koje su naslijedili od svojih predaka posvećenih poljoprivredi i vrtlarstvu kao glavnim aktivnostima u okviru drugog vrta.
1955 81:1.7 For thousands of years the descendants of Adam had grown wheat and barley, as improved in the Garden, throughout the highlands of the upper border of Mesopotamia. The descendants of Adam and Adamson here met, traded, and socially mingled.
2014 81:1.7 Tisućama godina, Adamovi potomci su uzgajali pšenicu i ječam, žitarice unaprijeđene u Vrtu, širom visinskih oblasti gornjih granica Mezopotamije. Potomci Adama i Adamsona su uspostavili uzajamni o dno s , trgovinu i društveni kontakt.
1955 81:1.8 It was these enforced changes in living conditions which caused such a large proportion of the human race to become omnivorous in dietetic practice. And the combination of the wheat, rice, and vegetable diet with the flesh of the herds marked a great forward step in the health and vigor of these ancient peoples.
2014 81:1.8 Upravo ove prisilne promjene u životnim uvjetima predstavljaju utjecaj koji je naveo tako velik broj pripadnika ljudske rase da prihvati spoj mesožderstva i vegetarijastva. I ovaj dodatak pšenice, riže i povrća životinjskom mesu obilježava značajno unaprijeđenj e u zdravlj u i kondiciji ovih starih naroda.
¶ 2. CIVILIZACIJSKA ORUĐA
2. THE TOOLS OF CIVILIZATION
2. CIVILIZACIJSKA ORUĐA
1955 81:2.1 The growth of culture is predicated upon the development of the tools of civilization. And the tools which man utilized in his ascent from savagery were effective just to the extent that they released man power for the accomplishment of higher tasks.
2014 81:2.1 Kulturni razvoj počiva na razvoju civilizacijskog oruđa. I oruđa koja su bila u upotrebi pri čovjekovom usponu od divljaštva imaju djelotvornost upravo do mjere do koje su oslobodila čovjekove moći za postignuć e viših aktivnosti.
1955 81:2.2 You who now live amid latter-day scenes of budding culture and beginning progress in social affairs, who actually have some little spare time in which to think about society and civilization, must not overlook the fact that your early ancestors had little or no leisure which could be devoted to thoughtful reflection and social thinking.
2014 81:2.2 Svi vi koji živite u suvremeno doba kulturnog razvoja i početnog napretka društvenih djelatnosti, koji imate ako ništa drugo ono malo slobodnog vremena koje možete posvetiti razmišljanju o društvenim i civilizacijskim pitanjima, ne smijete previdjeti činjenicu da vaši rani preci nisu imali vremena za dublju meditaciju i društvenu misao.
1955 81:2.3 The first four great advances in human civilization were:
2014 81:2.3 Prva četiri bitna koraka u napretku ljudske civilizacije počivaju u:
1955 81:2.7 4. Private property.
2014 81:2.7 4. Privatnoj imovini.
1955 81:2.8 While fire, the first great discovery, eventually unlocked the doors of the scientific world, it was of little value in this regard to primitive man. He refused to recognize natural causes as explanations for commonplace phenomena.
2014 81:2.8 Dok je vatra--prvo bitno otkriće--s vremenom otvorila vrata znanstvenog svijeta, ova njezina uloga nije bila bitna primitivnom čovjeku. Ljudi su u ovo doba odbijali prihvatiti prirodne zakone kao objašnjenje svakodnevnih pojava.
1955 81:2.9 When asked where fire came from, the simple story of Andon and the flint was soon replaced by the legend of how some Prometheus stole it from heaven. The ancients sought a supernatural explanation for all natural phenomena not within the range of their personal comprehension; and many moderns continue to do this. The depersonalization of so-called natural phenomena has required ages, and it is not yet completed. But the frank, honest, and fearless search for true causes gave birth to modern science: It turned astrology into astronomy, alchemy into chemistry, and magic into medicine.
2014 81:2.9 Kao odgovor na pitanje o porijeklu vatre, umjesto jednostavne pripovijedi o Andonu i kremenu, primitivni čovjek je izmislio legendu o Prometeju koji je ukrao vatru s neba. Divljaci su dugo tražili nadprirodno objašnjenje svih prirodnih pojava izvan okvira svojih shvaćanja; i mnogi suvremeni ljudi nastavljaju s ovim običajem. Trebalo je više stoljeća kako bi se sprovela depersonalizacija takozvanih prirodnih pojava, i ovaj proces još uvijek traje. Ali suvremena znanost predstavlja rezultat čovjekove iskrene, poštene i neustrašive potrage za prirodnim uzrocima: Znanost je pretvorila astrologiju u astronomiju, alkemiju u kemiju i magiju u medicinu.
1955 81:2.10 In the premachine age the only way in which man could accomplish work without doing it himself was to use an animal. Domestication of animals placed in his hands living tools, the intelligent use of which prepared the way for both agriculture and transportation. And without these animals man could not have risen from his primitive estate to the levels of subsequent civilization.
2014 81:2.10 Prethodno izumu strojeva, čovjek je jedino bio u stanju obaviti posao koristeći životinje. Po pripitomljenju životinja stekao je živuće oruđe, dok je inteligentna upotreba ovog oruđa pripremila put razvoju poljoprivrede i prijevoza. I bez pomoći životinja, čovjek se ne bi bio u stanju uzdići od svog primitivnog stadija do budućih civilizacijskih razina.
1955 81:2.11 Most of the animals best suited to domestication were found in Asia, especially in the central to southwest regions. This was one reason why civilization progressed faster in that locality than in other parts of the world. Many of these animals had been twice before domesticated, and in the Andite age they were retamed once again. But the dog had remained with the hunters ever since being adopted by the blue man long, long before.
2014 81:2.11 Životinje pogodne za pripitomljenje su se uglavnom mogle naći u Aziji, naročito u centralnim i jugozapadnim oblastima ovog kontinenta. Ovo između ostalog objašnjava brži razvoj civilizacije u ovoj oblasti nego u drugim dijelovima svijeta. Više životinja je dvaput prošlo procesom pripitomljenja, dok su za anditskog doba ponovo morale biti pripitomljene. Ali pas je ostao vjeran lovcima otkad je prvi put pripitomljen, dugo prije ovog razdoblja.
1955 81:2.12 The Andites of Turkestan were the first peoples to extensively domesticate the horse, and this is another reason why their culture was for so long predominant. By 5000 B.C. the Mesopotamian, Turkestan, and Chinese farmers had begun the raising of sheep, goats, cows, camels, horses, fowls, and elephants. They employed as beasts of burden the ox, camel, horse, and yak. Man was himself at one time the beast of burden. One ruler of the blue race once had one hundred thousand men in his colony of burden bearers.
2014 81:2.12 TurkestanskiAnditi su bili prvi narod koji je tako ustrajno radio na pripitomljenju konja, što jednako tako objašnjava dugotrajnu prevlast njihove kulture. Prije 5,000 pr.K., Mezopotamijski, Turkestanski i Kineski zemljoradnici su počeli uzgajati ovce, koze, krave, deve, konje, perad i slonove. Govedo, deva, konj i jak su korišteni kao teretne životinje. Sam čovjek je u jednom razdoblju igrao ulogu teretne životinje. Određeni vladar plave rase je imao u svom posjedu, kao dio kolonije teretnih životinja, stotinu tisuća ljudskih bića.
1955 81:2.13 The institutions of slavery and private ownership of land came with agriculture. Slavery raised the master’s standard of living and provided more leisure for social culture.
2014 81:2.13 Institucije robovlasništva i privatog vlasništva nad zemljom su se javile s pojavom zemljoradnje. Robovlasništvo je podiglo gospodarev standard življenja i stovrilo više slobodnog vremena za razvoj društvene kulture.
1955 81:2.14 The savage is a slave to nature, but scientific civilization is slowly conferring increasing liberty on mankind. Through animals, fire, wind, water, electricity, and other undiscovered sources of energy, man has liberated, and will continue to liberate, himself from the necessity for unremitting toil. Regardless of the transient trouble produced by the prolific invention of machinery, the ultimate benefits to be derived from such mechanical inventions are inestimable. Civilization can never flourish, much less be established, until man has leisure to think, to plan, to imagine new and better ways of doing things.
2014 81:2.14 Divljak je bio rob prirode, dok znanstvena civilizacija polako poklanja sve veću slobodu ljudskom rodu. Uz pomoć životinja, vatre, vode, elektriciteta i drugih za sada nepoznatih energetskih izvora, čovjek se oslobodio i nastavlja se oslobađati od nužde neprestanog rada. Unatoč privremenim problemima povezanim s preobilnim izumom i izgradnjom strojeva, neprocjenjive blagodati moraju biti konačni rezultat ovih mehaničkih izuma. Civilizacija nikad ne možeuznapredovati, a naročito ne može biti utemeljena, sve dok čovjek ne bude imao vremena za razmišljanje, planiranj e i zamišljanje novih i boljih solucija.
1955 81:2.15 Man first simply appropriated his shelter, lived under ledges or dwelt in caves. Next he adapted such natural materials as wood and stone to the creation of family huts. Lastly he entered the creative stage of home building, learned to manufacture brick and other building materials.
2014 81:2.15 Čovjek je isprva jednostavno prisvajao prebivališta, živeći pod grebenima i u spiljama. Zatim je počeo usvajati drvo i kamen, prirodne materijale koje je koristio pri izgradnji obiteljskih kućica. Na kraju je kročio u stvaralačku fazu izgradnje, ovladavši proizvodnjom cigle i drugih građevinskih materijala.
1955 81:2.16 The peoples of the Turkestan highlands were the first of the more modern races to build their homes of wood, houses not at all unlike the early log cabins of the American pioneer settlers. Throughout the plains human dwellings were made of brick; later on, of burned bricks.
2014 81:2.16 Narodi Turkestanskih gorja predstavljaju prvu suvremeniju rasu koja je gradila naseobine od drveta, kućerke koji se nisu puno razlikovali od ranih brvnara američkih pionira. Širom ovih ravnica, nicale su ciglene ljudske naseobine; u kasnijem razdoblju, bile su građene od paljene opeke.
1955 81:2.17 The older river races made their huts by setting tall poles in the ground in a circle; the tops were then brought together, making the skeleton frame for the hut, which was interlaced with transverse reeds, the whole creation resembling a huge inverted basket. This structure could then be daubed over with clay and, after drying in the sun, would make a very serviceable weatherproof habitation.
2014 81:2.17 Kasnije rase iz riječnih dolina su gradile kolibe zabadujući kolce u obliku kruga; nakon što bi povezali vrhove kolaca, dobili bi građevinski okvir koji je, poprečno isprepleten trskom, nalikovao unutrašnjosti ogromne košare. Namazana grubom žbukom koja se sušila na suncu, ova bi građevina pružala odličan nepromočivi zaklon.
1955 81:2.18 It was from these early huts that the subsequent idea of all sorts of basket weaving independently originated. Among one group the idea of making pottery arose from observing the effects of smearing these pole frameworks with moist clay. The practice of hardening pottery by baking was discovered when one of these clay-covered primitive huts accidentally burned. The arts of olden days were many times derived from the accidental occurrences attendant upon the daily life of early peoples. At least, this was almost wholly true of the evolutionary progress of mankind up to the coming of Adam.
2014 81:2.18 Upravo na temelju ovih kućeraka, samostalno se javila ideja o pletenju različitih vrsta košara. Iz observacije djelovanja vlažne žbuke na građevinskoj osnovi načinjenoj od zabodenih kolaca, među određenom grupom se rodila ideja o grnčarskoj djelatnosti. Umijeće kaljenja lončarskih proizvoda je otkriveno prilikom požara koji je slučajno uhvatio jednu od ovih primitivnih koliba. Prastara umijeća su vrlo često bila rezultat slučajnih događaja koji su pratili svakodnevni život ranih naroda. Ako ništa drugo, ovo se gotovo u cjelosti odnosi na evolutivni razvoj čovječanstva sve do Adamovog dolaska.
1955 81:2.19 While pottery had been first introduced by the staff of the Prince about one-half million years ago, the making of clay vessels had practically ceased for over one hundred and fifty thousand years. Only the gulf coast pre-Sumerian Nodites continued to make clay vessels. The art of pottery making was revived during Adam’s time. The dissemination of this art was simultaneous with the extension of the desert areas of Africa, Arabia, and central Asia, and it spread in successive waves of improving technique from Mesopotamia out over the Eastern Hemisphere.
2014 81:2.19 Dok je Knezovo osoblje prije otprilike pola milijuna godina bilo prvo koje je ljude upoznalo s lončarstvom, ovaj je zanat pratkično prestao postojati tijekom gotovo stotinu pedeset tisuća godina. Jedino su presumeranskiNoditi u obalnom pojasu zaljeva nastavili praviti lončarsto posuđe. Lončarska umjetnost je ponovo oživjela u Adamovo doba. Ova se umjetnost proširila istovremeno s proširenjem pustinjskih oblasti Afrike, Arabije i centralne Azije i proširila se u uzastopnim naletima sve naprednije vještine od Mezopotamije širom cijele istočne polutke.
1955 81:2.20 These civilizations of the Andite age cannot always be traced by the stages of their pottery or other arts. The smooth course of human evolution was tremendously complicated by the regimes of both Dalamatia and Eden. It often occurs that the later vases and implements are inferior to the earlier products of the purer Andite peoples.
2014 81:2.20 Nije uvijek moguće slijediti razvoj ovih civilizacija anditskog doba na temelju različitih stadija lončarske ili bilo koje druge umjetnosti. Gladak tijek ljudske evolucije je jako zakompliciran Dalamatijskim i Edenskim režimima. Često izgleda kao da su kasnije vaze i oruđa inferiorni u usporedbi s ranijim proizvodima nemiješanihAnditskih naroda.
¶ 3. GRADOVI, MANUFAKTURA I TRGOVINA
3. CITIES, MANUFACTURE, AND COMMERCE
3. GRADOVI, MANUFAKTURA I TRGOVINA
1955 81:3.1 The climatic destruction of the rich, open grassland hunting and grazing grounds of Turkestan, beginning about 12,000 B.C., compelled the men of those regions to resort to new forms of industry and crude manufacturing. Some turned to the cultivation of domesticated flocks, others became agriculturists or collectors of water-borne food, but the higher type of Andite intellects chose to engage in trade and manufacture. It even became the custom for entire tribes to dedicate themselves to the development of a single industry. From the valley of the Nile to the Hindu Kush and from the Ganges to the Yellow River, the chief business of the superior tribes became the cultivation of the soil, with commerce as a side line.
2014 81:3.1 Klimatsko uništenje bogatih otvorenih travnih oblasti Turkestana koje su pogodovale lovu i ispaši, koje je započelo otprilike 12,000 godina pr.K., primoralo je ljude iz ovih oblasti da se posvete novim oblicima industrije i grubih oblika ručne proizvodnje. Jedni su se okrenuli uzgoju udomaćenih životinja, drugi obradi zemlje ili prikupljanju ribe, dok su se viši oblici Anditskih umova posvetili trgovini i ručnoj proizvodnji. Čak je bio običaj da se cijelo pleme posveti razvoju određene industrije. Od doline Nila pa sve do indijskog Huša i od Gangesa do Žute rijeke, osnovno zanimanje nadmoćnih plemena se sastojalo od obrade zemlje, s trgovinom kao sporednim zanimanjem.
1955 81:3.2 The increase in trade and in the manufacture of raw materials into various articles of commerce was directly instrumental in producing those early and semipeaceful communities which were so influential in spreading the culture and the arts of civilization. Before the era of extensive world trade, social communities were tribal—expanded family groups. Trade brought into fellowship different sorts of human beings, thus contributing to a more speedy cross-fertilization of culture.
2014 81:3.2 Porast trgovine i ručna prerada sirovih materijala u različitu trgovinsku robu predstavljaju neposredan i bitan utjecaj koji je vodio utemeljenju ranih i polumiroljubivih zajednica koje su utjecale na širenje kulture i civilizacijskih umjetnosti. Prethodno epohi rasprostranjene svjetske trgovine, društvene zajednice su bile plemenske prirode--proširene obiteljske grupe. Trgovina je stvorila zajednice različitih ljudskih bića, doprinjevši bržem kulturnom križanju.
1955 81:3.3 About twelve thousand years ago the era of the independent cities was dawning. And these primitive trading and manufacturing cities were always surrounded by zones of agriculture and cattle raising. While it is true that industry was promoted by the elevation of the standards of living, you should have no misconception regarding the refinements of early urban life. The early races were not overly neat and clean, and the average primitive community rose from one to two feet every twenty-five years as the result of the mere accumulation of dirt and trash. Certain of these olden cities also rose above the surrounding ground very quickly because their unbaked mud huts were short-lived, and it was the custom to build new dwellings directly on top of the ruins of the old.
2014 81:3.3 Prije otprilike dvanaest tisuća godina počela se rađati epoha neovisnih gradova. I ovi su primitivni trgovački i proizvodni centri uvijek bili okruženi zemljoradničkim i stočarskim pojasevima. Dok je istina da je industrija vodila povišenju životnog standarda, neka vas ne zavaraju zablude o eventualnim udobnostima ranog gradskog života. Rane rase nisu bile naročito čiste i uredne, te su se rana primitivna naselja tako normalno uzdizala nešto više od pola metra svakih dvadeset pet godina kao rezultat nakupljene prljavštine i smeća. Određeni stari gradovi su se pored toga vrlo brzo uzdigli iznad obližnjih predjela zahvaljujući kratkom vijeku koliba od nepečene žbuke kao i tome što je bilo običaj izgraditi nove naseobine neposredno na ruševinama starih.
1955 81:3.4 The widespread use of metals was a feature of this era of the early industrial and trading cities. You have already found a bronze culture in Turkestan dating before 9000 B.C., and the Andites early learned to work in iron, gold, and copper, as well. But conditions were very different away from the more advanced centers of civilization. There were no distinct periods, such as the Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages; all three existed at the same time in different localities.
2014 81:3.4 Široka upotreba metala obilježava ovo razdoblje ranih industrijskih i trgovinskih gradova. Već ste imali priliku otkriti Turkestansku brončanu kulturu koja vuče porijeklo iz razdoblja od prije 9000 godina pr. K., dok su Anditi rano ovladali obradom željeza, zlata i bakra. Ali izvan naprednijih civilizacijskih centrara vladali su posve drugačiji uvjeti. Ne možemo govoriti o kamenom, brončanom i željeznom dobu kao tri različita razdoblja; sva tri su postojala u isto vrijeme na različitim mjestima.
1955 81:3.5 Gold was the first metal to be sought by man; it was easy to work and, at first, was used only as an ornament. Copper was next employed but not extensively until it was admixed with tin to make the harder bronze. The discovery of mixing copper and tin to make bronze was made by one of the Adamsonites of Turkestan whose highland copper mine happened to be located alongside a tin deposit.
2014 81:3.5 Zlato je bilo čovjekov prvi vrijedni metal; nije ga bilo teško obraditi i isprva je jedino korišteno za ukras. Čovjek je zatim počeo koristiti broncu, premdane tako opsežno sve dok je nije očvrsnuo primjesom kalaja. Otkriće procesa izrade bronce miješanjem bakra i kalaja vuče porijeklo od turkestanskihAdamsonita; njihov rudnik bakra je slučajem bio smješten neposredno pored naslage kalaja.
1955 81:3.6 With the appearance of crude manufacture and beginning industry, commerce quickly became the most potent influence in the spread of cultural civilization. The opening up of the trade channels by land and by sea greatly facilitated travel and the mixing of cultures as well as the blending of civilizations. By 5000 B.C. the horse was in general use throughout civilized and semicivilized lands. These later races not only had the domesticated horse but also various sorts of wagons and chariots. Ages before, the wheel had been used, but now vehicles so equipped became universally employed both in commerce and war.
2014 81:3.6 S pojavom grube ručne proizvodnje i s početkom industrije, trgovina je vrlo brzo postala najmoćnijim utjecajem pri širenju kulturne civilizacije. Zahvaljujući otvaranju kopnenih i pomorskih trgovinskih kanala, unaprijeđeno je putovanje, miješanje kultura i stapanje civilizacija. Nešto prije 5000 godina pr.K., ljudi su uveliko koristili konje širom cijelog civiliziranog ili poluciviliziranog svijeta. Kasnije rase nisu samo koristile pripitomile konje, već i različite oblike putničkih i teretnih kola. Premda su kotači bili u upotrebi prije više stoljeća, ovakva vozila su u ovom razdoblju uopćeno postala dijelom trgovinske i ratne opreme.
1955 81:3.7 The traveling trader and the roving explorer did more to advance historic civilization than all other influences combined. Military conquests, colonization, and missionary enterprises fostered by the later religions were also factors in the spread of culture; but these were all secondary to the trading relations, which were ever accelerated by the rapidly developing arts and sciences of industry.
2014 81:3.7 Trgovinski i istraživački putnici su više doprinijeli napretku povijesne civilizacije nego svi drugi utjecali zajedno. Vojna osvajanja, kolonizacija i misionarska poduzeća kasnijih religija isto tako igraju ulogu u širenju kulture; ali bili su to sporedni utjecaji u usporedbi s trgovinskim odnosima ubrzanim neprestanim i ubrzanim razvojem industrijske umjetnosti i znanosti.
1955 81:3.8 Infusion of the Adamic stock into the human races not only quickened the pace of civilization, but it also greatly stimulated their proclivities toward adventure and exploration to the end that most of Eurasia and northern Africa was presently occupied by the rapidly multiplying mixed descendants of the Andites.
2014 81:3.8 Miješanjem Adamičke loze s ljudskom rasom, ne samo što je ubrzana stopa civilizacijskog razvoja, već je uveliko unaprijeđena ljudska tendencija prema pustolovnosti i istraživanju, tako da su ovi sve brojniji i brojniji potomci s vremenom naseljili najveći dio Evroazije i sjeverne Afrike.
¶ 4. MIJEŠANE RASE
4. THE MIXED RACES
4. MIJEŠANE RASE
1955 81:4.1 As contact is made with the dawn of historic times, all of Eurasia, northern Africa, and the Pacific Islands is overspread with the composite races of mankind. And these races of today have resulted from a blending and reblending of the five basic human stocks of Urantia.
2014 81:4.1 Kad se vratimo na početak povijesnog doba, cijela Evroazija, sjeverna Afrika i otoci Tihog oceana su bili naseljeni mješovitim rasama ljudskog roda. I ove suvremene rase predstavljaju rezultat višestrukog miješanja pet osnovnih ljudskih rasa Urantije.
1955 81:4.2 Each of the Urantia races was identified by certain distinguishing physical characteristics. The Adamites and Nodites were long-headed; the Andonites were broad-headed. The Sangik races were medium-headed, with the yellow and blue men tending to broad-headedness. The blue races, when mixed with the Andonite stock, were decidedly broad-headed. The secondary Sangiks were medium- to long-headed.
2014 81:4.2 Sve rase Urantije imaju određena karakteristična fizička obilježja. Adamiti i noditi imaju izduljene glave; andoniti imaju široke glave. Sangiške rase imaju osrednje glave, dok žuta i plava rasa naginju k širokoglavosti. Nakon miješanja s andonitskom lozom, plave rase su najvećim dijelom bile širokoglave. Lobanjedrugorazredne sangiške rase se kre ću u rasponu od osrednjih do izduljenih.
1955 81:4.3 Although these skull dimensions are serviceable in deciphering racial origins, the skeleton as a whole is far more dependable. In the early development of the Urantia races there were originally five distinct types of skeletal structure:
2014 81:4.3 Dok oblik i veličina lobanje mogu poslužiti pri tumačenju rasnog porijekla, ostali dio skeletona pruža još rječitiju svjedožbu ovom pitanju. Prilikom ranog razvoja urantijskih rasa, bilo je moguće razlikovati pet izvornih oblika kosturne građe:
2014 81:4.5 2. Prvotnu Sangišku--crvenu, žutu i plavu rasu.
1955 81:4.6 3. Secondary Sangik, orange, green, and indigo.
2014 81:4.6 3. Drugotnu Sangišku--narandžastu, zelenu i indigo rasu.
1955 81:4.8 5. Adamites, the violet race.
2014 81:4.8 5. Adamite--ljubičastu rasu.
1955 81:4.9 As these five great racial groups extensively intermingled, continual mixture tended to obscure the Andonite type by Sangik hereditary dominance. The Lapps and the Eskimos are blends of Andonite and Sangik-blue races. Their skeletal structures come the nearest to preserving the aboriginal Andonic type. But the Adamites and the Nodites have become so admixed with the other races that they can be detected only as a generalized Caucasoid order.
2014 81:4.9 Zahvaljujući opsežnom miješanju ovih pet velikih rasnih grupa, tekući proces miješanja u određenoj mjeri prikriva andonitska obilježja postavljajući na njihovo mjesto premoćnijesangiško nasljeđe. Laponci i eskimi predstavljaju mješavinu andonitske i sangiško-plave rase. U njihovoj se kosturnoj građi najviše očuvao izvorni andonički tip. Ali adamiti i noditi u sebi nose toliko drugih rasnih primjesa da se jedino mogu uopćeno raspoznati kao kavkaska (evropei) skupina.
1955 81:4.10 In general, therefore, as the human remains of the last twenty thousand years are unearthed, it will be impossible clearly to distinguish the five original types. Study of such skeletal structures will disclose that mankind is now divided into approximately three classes:
2014 81:4.10 Stoga, uopćeno, pri razmatranju ljudskih iskopina iz posljednjih dvadeset tisuća godina, nemoguće je oučiti jasnu razliku između ovih pet izvornih oblika. Proučavanje kostura ovih ljudskih ostataka svjedoči o podjeli suvremenog čovječanstva u otprilike tri grupe:
1955 81:4.11 1. The Caucasoid—the Andite blend of the Nodite and Adamic stocks, further modified by primary and (some) secondary Sangik admixture and by considerable Andonic crossing. The Occidental white races, together with some Indian and Turanian peoples, are included in this group. The unifying factor in this division is the greater or lesser proportion of Andite inheritance.
2014 81:4.11 1. Evropsku--anditsku mješavinu noditske i adamičke loze koja je zatim modificirana primjesom prvotnih i (do neke mjere) drugotnih sangiških rasa, te značajnom količinom adamičke loze. Zapadne bijele rase, zajedno s određenim indijskim i uralo-altajskim narodima, također pripadaju ovoj grupi. Sjedinjujući činitelj pri ovoj podjeli počiva u manjoj ili većoj mjeri anditskog nasljeđa.
1955 81:4.12 2. The Mongoloid—the primary Sangik type, including the original red, yellow, and blue races. The Chinese and Amerinds belong to this group. In Europe the Mongoloid type has been modified by secondary Sangik and Andonic mixture; still more by Andite infusion. The Malayan and other Indonesian peoples are included in this classification, though they contain a high percentage of secondary Sangik blood.
2014 81:4.12 2. Mongoloidnu--prvotni sangiški tip, uključujući izvornu crvenu, žutu i plavu rasu. Kinezi i amerikanidi pripadaju ovoj grupi. U Evropi, mongoloidni tip je izmijenjen pimjesom drugotnih sangiških i andoničkih rasa, a naročito infuzijom anditske krvi. Premda u sebi nose visok stupanj drugotne sangiške krvi, ovoj skupini pripadaju i Malajski i drugi indonežanski narodi.
1955 81:4.13 3. The Negroid—the secondary Sangik type, which originally included the orange, green, and indigo races. This is the type best illustrated by the Negro, and it will be found through Africa, India, and Indonesia wherever the secondary Sangik races located.
2014 81:4.13 3. Negroidnu--drugotni sangiški tip koji je izvorno ubrajao narandžastu, zelenu i indigo rasu. Najbolji primjer ove rase počiva u negroidnim pripadnicima koji se mogu naći širom Afrike, Indije i Indonezij e , gdj e god su se drugotne sangiške rase kretale.
1955 81:4.14 In North China there is a certain blending of Caucasoid and Mongoloid types; in the Levant the Caucasoid and Negroid have intermingled; in India, as in South America, all three types are represented. And the skeletal characteristics of the three surviving types still persist and help to identify the later ancestry of present-day human races.
2014 81:4.14 U sjevernoj Kini je došlo do određenog miješanja evropske i mongoloine rase; na Levantu su se izmiješale evropska i negroidna rasa; u Indiji i Južnoj Americi se mogu susresti sva tri tipa. I još uvijek je moguće raspoznati kosturna obilježja sva tri preživjela oblika i ova informacija može biti korištena u cilju identifikacije kasnijih predaka suvremenih ljudskih rasa.
¶ 5. KULTURNO DRUŠTVO
5. CULTURAL SOCIETY
5. KULTURNO DRUŠTVO
1955 81:5.1 Biologic evolution and cultural civilization are not necessarily correlated; organic evolution in any age may proceed unhindered in the very midst of cultural decadence. But when lengthy periods of human history are surveyed, it will be observed that eventually evolution and culture become related as cause and effect. Evolution may advance in the absence of culture, but cultural civilization does not flourish without an adequate background of antecedent racial progression. Adam and Eve introduced no art of civilization foreign to the progress of human society, but the Adamic blood did augment the inherent ability of the races and did accelerate the pace of economic development and industrial progression. Adam’s bestowal improved the brain power of the races, thereby greatly hastening the processes of natural evolution.
2014 81:5.1 Biološka evolucija i kulturna civilizacija ne moraju biti uzajamno usklađene; kulturna dekadencija ne mora voditi poremećaju organske evolucije određenog doba. Ali ako pogledate dulja razdoblja ljudske povijesti, postaje očigledno uzajamno usklađenje evolutivnog i kulturnog razvoja kao uzroka i posljedice. Dok evolucija može uznapredovati unatoč kulturnom umrtvljenju, kulturna civilizacija ne može uznapredovati bez prethodno utemeljenog rasnog napretka u svojoj podlozi. Dok Adam i Eva nisu upoznali ljudsko društvo s bilo kakvim novim civilizacijskim umijećima, Adamička krv je povisila prirođenu rasnu sposobnost i tako ubrzala ekonomski razvoj i industrijski napredak. Adamov dar je unaprijedio moždanu sposobnost ljudskih rasa, uveliko ubrzavši proces prirodne evolucije.
1955 81:5.2 Through agriculture, animal domestication, and improved architecture, mankind gradually escaped the worst of the incessant struggle to live and began to cast about to find wherewith to sweeten the process of living; and this was the beginning of the striving for higher and ever higher standards of material comfort. Through manufacture and industry man is gradually augmenting the pleasure content of mortal life.
2014 81:5.2 Zahvaljujući zemljoradnji, domaćim životinjama i unaprijeđenju arhitekture, čovječanstvo je postupno bilo u stanju izbjeći najgorem dijelu neprestane borbe za opstanak i početi razmišljati o mogućnosti poboljšanja životnog procesa; i bio je to početak teženja k višim standardima materijalnog blagostanja. Zahvaljujući proizvodnji i industriji, čovjek je postupno povisio zadovoljstvo smrtničkog života.
1955 81:5.3 But cultural society is no great and beneficent club of inherited privilege into which all men are born with free membership and entire equality. Rather is it an exalted and ever-advancing guild of earth workers, admitting to its ranks only the nobility of those toilers who strive to make the world a better place in which their children and their children’s children may live and advance in subsequent ages. And this guild of civilization exacts costly admission fees, imposes strict and rigorous disciplines, visits heavy penalties on all dissenters and nonconformists, while it confers few personal licenses or privileges except those of enhanced security against common dangers and racial perils.
2014 81:5.3 Ali kulturno društvo nije neki veliki dobrotvorni klub obilježen nasljednim pravom koji pruža bespatno članstvo i jednaka prava svim muškarcima i ženama. Ono je prije uzvišeni i sve napredniji ceh prizemljenih radnika koji prihvaća jedino najplemenitije radnike posvećene svjetskom unaprijeđenju, ljude koje žele ostaviti bolji svijet svojoj djeci i djeci njihove djece u cilju života i napretka budućih stoljeća. I ovaj civilizacijski ceh nameće skupu članarinu, zahtijeva strogu i rigoroznu disciplinu i uvodi najtežu kaznu svim disidentima i nonkonformistima, pružajući mali broj osobnih sloboda i privilegija na stranu od poboljšanja sigurnosti i zaštite od uobičajenih opasnosti i rasnih prijetnji.
1955 81:5.4 Social association is a form of survival insurance which human beings have learned is profitable; therefore are most individuals willing to pay those premiums of self-sacrifice and personal-liberty curtailment which society exacts from its members in return for this enhanced group protection. In short, the present-day social mechanism is a trial-and-error insurance plan designed to afford some degree of assurance and protection against a return to the terrible and antisocial conditions which characterized the early experiences of the human race.
2014 81:5.4 Kako su se ljudi već imali priliku uvjeriti, društvena udruženja su vrlo djelotvoran oblik životnog osiguranja; većina ljudi je stoga voljna platiti ove premije samoprijegora i ograničenja osobne slobode koje društvo zahtijeva od svojih članova kao cijenu ovom poboljšanju grupne zaštite. Ukratko, suvremeni društveni mehanizam predstavlja pokusni plan osiguranja koji pruža određenu mjeru zaštite i jamstva protiv negdašnjih užasnih protudruštvenih uvjeta tipičnih ranijih stadijima ljudske rase.
1955 81:5.5 Society thus becomes a co-operative scheme for securing civil freedom through institutions, economic freedom through capital and invention, social liberty through culture, and freedom from violence through police regulation.
2014 81:5.5 Društvo tako postaje kooperativni mehanizam za osiguranje građanske slobode putem institucija, ekonomske slobode putem kapitala i novih izuma,društvene slobode putem kulture i slobode od nasilja putem policijske regulacije.
1955 81:5.6 Might does not make right, but it does enforce the commonly recognized rights of each succeeding generation. The prime mission of government is the definition of the right, the just and fair regulation of class differences, and the enforcement of equality of opportunity under the rules of law. Every human right is associated with a social duty; group privilege is an insurance mechanism which unfailingly demands the full payment of the exacting premiums of group service. And group rights, as well as those of the individual, must be protected, including the regulation of the sex propensity.
2014 81:5.6 Sila ne dijeli pravdu, dok iz generacije u generaciju sila zahtijeva poštovanje općepriznatih prava. Osnovna uloga vlade počiva u definiciji prava, u poštenoj i ispravnoj regulaciji klasnih razlika i prinudnom uvođenju i zakonskoj zaštiti jednake prilike svim građanima. Svako ljudsko pravo je povezano s družtvenom dužnošću; grupna privilegija je sigurnosni mehanizam koji nepogrešivo zahtijeva puni isplatak skupih premija grupne službe. I grupna kao i individualna prava, moraju biti zaštićena, uklučujući i regulaciju seksualne žudnje.
1955 81:5.7 Liberty subject to group regulation is the legitimate goal of social evolution. Liberty without restrictions is the vain and fanciful dream of unstable and flighty human minds.
2014 81:5.7 Opravdani cilj društvene evolucije počiva u ostvarenju slobode koja ne ugrožava grupne regulacije. Ideja o neograničenoj slobodi nije ništa drugo nego iluzija nestablnih i nepostojanih ljudskih umova.
¶ 6. ODRŽANJE CIVILIZACIJE
6. THE MAINTENANCE OF CIVILIZATION
6. ODRŽANJE CIVILIZACIJE
1955 81:6.1 While biologic evolution has proceeded ever upward, much of cultural evolution went out from the Euphrates valley in waves, which successively weakened as time passed until finally the whole of the pure-line Adamic posterity had gone forth to enrich the civilizations of Asia and Europe. The races did not fully blend, but their civilizations did to a considerable extent mix. Culture did slowly spread throughout the world. And this civilization must be maintained and fostered, for there exist today no new sources of culture, no Andites to invigorate and stimulate the slow progress of the evolution of civilization.
2014 81:6.1 Dok biološka evolucija nikad nije prestala napredovati, kulturna evolucija je uglavnom tekla iz Eufratove doline u naletima koji su s vremenom sve više gubili na snazi dok se na koncu cijelo čistokrvno adamičko potomstvo nije posvetilo obogaćenju azijske i evropske civilizacije. Dok se rase nisu u cjelostiizmješale, njihove su se kulture u bitnoj mjeri stopile. Kultura se s vremenom polagano proširila cijelim svijetom. I bitno je nastaviti bogatiti i oplemenjivati ovu kulturu jer na svijetu više nema andita koji mogu oživjeti i pobuditi spori napredak evolucije yemaljske civilizacije.
1955 81:6.2 The civilization which is now evolving on Urantia grew out of, and is predicated on, the following factors:
2014 81:6.2 Civilizacija koja se trenutno razvija na predstavlja rezultat i posljedicu siljedeća četiri činitelja:
1955 81:6.3 1. Natural circumstances. The nature and extent of a material civilization is in large measure determined by the natural resources available. Climate, weather, and numerous physical conditions are factors in the evolution of culture.
2014 81:6.3 1. Prirodnih uvjeta. Priroda i stupanj razvoja materijalne civilizacije u velikoj mjeri ovise o raspoloživim prirodnim bogatstvima. Klima, vremenske okolnosti kao i brojni fizički uvjeti predstavljaju činitelje evolucijskog razvoja kulture.
1955 81:6.4 At the opening of the Andite era there were only two extensive and fertile open hunting areas in all the world. One was in North America and was overspread by the Amerinds; the other was to the north of Turkestan and was partly occupied by an Andonic-yellow race. The decisive factors in the evolution of a superior culture in southwestern Asia were race and climate. The Andites were a great people, but the crucial factor in determining the course of their civilization was the increasing aridity of Iran, Turkestan, and Sinkiang, which forced them to invent and adopt new and advanced methods of wresting a livelihood from their decreasingly fertile lands.
2014 81:6.4 Na početku anditske ere, svijet je imao samo dvije prostrane plodne lovačke oblasti. Jedna je bila Sjeverna Amerika, naseljena amerikanidima; druga-- sjeverni Turkestan--je bila djelomično naseljena andoničko-žutom rasom. Rasna i klimatska obilježja predstavljaju presudne činitelje u evoluciji napredne kulture u jugozapadnoj Aziji. Dok su anditi bili izvanredan narod, presudna značajka u tijeku njihove civilizacije počiva u suši koja se počela širiti sve većim dijelom Irana, Turkestana i Sinkianga, koja ih je zahtijevala nove izume i prilagođenje naprednijim metodama življenja u sve neplodnijem okruženju.
1955 81:6.5 The configuration of continents and other land-arrangement situations are very influential in determining peace or war. Very few Urantians have ever had such a favorable opportunity for continuous and unmolested development as has been enjoyed by the peoples of North America—protected on practically all sides by vast oceans.
2014 81:6.5 Konfiguracija kopna kao i druga topografska obilježja predstavljaju bitan utjecaj koji odlučuje ranim i mirnodobskim pitanjima. Rijetki su narodi Urantije koji su imali tako povoljnu priliku za kontinualan i nesmetan razvoj kakvu su uživali sjevemoamerički narodi--oceansku zaštitu s gotovo sve četiri strane.
1955 81:6.6 2. Capital goods. Culture is never developed under conditions of poverty; leisure is essential to the progress of civilization. Individual character of moral and spiritual value may be acquired in the absence of material wealth, but a cultural civilization is only derived from those conditions of material prosperity which foster leisure combined with ambition.
2014 81:6.6 2. Kapital. Kultura ne može uznapredovati u siromašnom društvu; ljudi moraju imati slobodnog vremena kako bi se posvetili napretku civilizacije.Dok čovjek ne mora imati materijalno bogatstvo kako bi postigao individualni karakter moralne i duhovne vrijednosti, kulturna civilizacija mora biti rezultat materijalnog blagostanja koji omogućuje bitnu kombinaciju slobodnog vremena i ambicije.
1955 81:6.7 During primitive times life on Urantia was a serious and sober business. And it was to escape this incessant struggle and interminable toil that mankind constantly tended to drift toward the salubrious climate of the tropics. While these warmer zones of habitation afforded some remission from the intense struggle for existence, the races and tribes who thus sought ease seldom utilized their unearned leisure for the advancement of civilization. Social progress has invariably come from the thoughts and plans of those races that have, by their intelligent toil, learned how to wrest a living from the land with lessened effort and shortened days of labor and thus have been able to enjoy a well-earned and profitable margin of leisure.
2014 81:6.7 Tijekom primitivnih doba, Urantija je pružala jedino život obilježen tmurnom ozbiljnošću. I čovječanstvo je naginjalo prijatnijim tropskim klimama upravo iz težnje da izbjegne potrebi za neprestanim i mukotrpnim radom. Dok su ova toplija podneblja pružila određeni predah u intenzivnoj borbi za opstanak, rasne i plemenske grupe koje su nastojale postići takvu nezasluženu lagodnost uglavnom nisu koristile ovo slobodno vrijeme u cilju unaprijeđenja civilizacije. Društveni napredak uvijek predstavlja rezultat misli i planova rasa koje su inteligentnim radom naučile ovladati umijećem življenja sa sve manje napora i sa sve kraćim radnim danom, što im je pružilo priliku za zasluženo i unosno korištenje slobodnog vremena.
1955 81:6.8 3. Scientific knowledge. The material aspects of civilization must always await the accumulation of scientific data. It was a long time after the discovery of the bow and arrow and the utilization of animals for power purposes before man learned how to harness wind and water, to be followed by the employment of steam and electricity. But slowly the tools of civilization improved. Weaving, pottery, the domestication of animals, and metalworking were followed by an age of writing and printing.
2014 81:6.8 3. Plodovi znanosti. Materijalni aspekti civilizacije uvijek moraju pričekati na prikupljanje znanstvenih informacija. Nakon što je izumio luk i stijelu i naučio pripitomiti životinje, čovjeku je dugo trebalo da nauči koristi moć vjetra i vode, što je omogućilo upotrebu vodene sile i proizvodnju elektriciteta. Ali civilizacijska oruđa su s vremenom počela napredovati. Za tkanjem, lončarstvom, upotrebom domaćih životinja i metalurgijom, uslijedilo je doba pismenosti i tiska.
1955 81:6.9 Knowledge is power. Invention always precedes the acceleration of cultural development on a world-wide scale. Science and invention benefited most of all from the printing press, and the interaction of all these cultural and inventive activities has enormously accelerated the rate of cultural advancement.
2014 81:6.9 Znanje je moć. Za novim izumima uvijek slijedi ubrzanje kulturnog razvoja na općesvjetskoj razini. Tiskarski stroj je pružio ogromnu korist znanosti i novim izumima, dok je uzajamni utjecaj svih ovih kulturnih i inventivnih aktivnosti uveliko ubrzao stopu kulturnog napretka.
1955 81:6.10 Science teaches man to speak the new language of mathematics and trains his thoughts along lines of exacting precision. And science also stabilizes philosophy through the elimination of error, while it purifies religion by the destruction of superstition.
2014 81:6.10 Znanost poučava ljude matematici kao novom jeziku i zahtijeva strožu disciplinu i povišenu preciznost misaonog procesa. I znanost pored toga stabilizira filozofiju eliminacijom nepravilnosti, istovremeno čisteći religiju uništenjem sujevjerja.
1955 81:6.11 4. Human resources. Man power is indispensable to the spread of civilization. All things equal, a numerous people will dominate the civilization of a smaller race. Hence failure to increase in numbers up to a certain point prevents the full realization of national destiny, but there comes a point in population increase where further growth is suicidal. Multiplication of numbers beyond the optimum of the normal man-land ratio means either a lowering of the standards of living or an immediate expansion of territorial boundaries by peaceful penetration or by military conquest, forcible occupation.
2014 81:6.11 4. Društvene snage. Društvene moći igraju neizostavnu ulogu pri proširenju civilizacije. Ako se zanemari svi drugi utjecaji, brojniji narod mora postići dominaciju nad civilizacijom malobrojnije rase. Dok brojna nedostatnost sprječava razvoj punog potencijala nacionalne sudbine, uvećanje pučanstva izvan određenih granica može biti jednako pogubno. Nadilaženje optimalnog odnosa između pučanstva određene teritorije i njezine veličine vodi bilo uniženju životnog standarda ili proširenju teritorijalnih granica, što se može postići mirnim raseljenjem ili bojnimosvajanje m, prinudnom okupacijom.
1955 81:6.12 You are sometimes shocked at the ravages of war, but you should recognize the necessity for producing large numbers of mortals so as to afford ample opportunity for social and moral development; with such planetary fertility there soon occurs the serious problem of overpopulation. Most of the inhabited worlds are small. Urantia is average, perhaps a trifle undersized. The optimum stabilization of national population enhances culture and prevents war. And it is a wise nation which knows when to cease growing.
2014 81:6.12 Dok vas nekom prilikom znaju šokirati ratne pogibelji i pustošenja, trebate prepoznati potrebi za proizvodnjom velikog broja smrtnika kako bi se ostvarili uvjeti za društveni i moralni razvoj; s takvom planetarnom plodnosti, međutim, nastupa ozbiljni problem prenapučenosti. Naseljeni svjetovi su uglavnom mali. Urantija je srednji, ako ne mali svijet. Optimalna stabilizacija nacionalnog žiteljstva unaprijeđuje kulturu i sprječava ratne sukobe. I mudre nacije uvijek znaju kad treba obustaviti rast.
1955 81:6.13 But the continent richest in natural deposits and the most advanced mechanical equipment will make little progress if the intelligence of its people is on the decline. Knowledge can be had by education, but wisdom, which is indispensable to true culture, can be secured only through experience and by men and women who are innately intelligent. Such a people are able to learn from experience; they may become truly wise.
2014 81:6.13 Ali i najbogatiji kontinent s najvećim prirodnim bogatstvima i najnaprednijom mehaničkom opremom ne može postići veći napredak ako počne gubiti na individualnoj inteligenaciji. Dok znanje počiva na obrazovanju, mudrost u podlozi svake istinske kulture jedino može biti plod iskustva, i to iskustva onih muškaraca i žena koji su obdareni inteligencijom. Takav narod ima sposobnost učenja iz iskustva; on može postići istinsku mudrost.
1955 81:6.14 5. Effectiveness of material resources. Much depends on the wisdom displayed in the utilization of natural resources, scientific knowledge, capital goods, and human potentials. The chief factor in early civilization was the force exerted by wise social masters; primitive man had civilization literally thrust upon him by his superior contemporaries. Well-organized and superior minorities have largely ruled this world.
2014 81:6.14 5. Djelotvornost materijalnih blagodati. Dosta toga ovisi o mudrom korištenju prirodnih blagodati, znanstvenih činjenica, kapitala i društvenih moći. Osnovni činitelj rane civilizacije je bila prinudna moć mudrih društvenih upravitelja; primitivni čovjek je primio civilizaciju silom od svojih nadmoćnijih suvremenika. Organizirane i nadmoćne manjinske grupe su najvećim dijelom vladale ovim svijetom.
1955 81:6.15 Might does not make right, but might does make what is and what has been in history. Only recently has Urantia reached that point where society is willing to debate the ethics of might and right.
2014 81:6.15 Sila ne dijeli pravdu, ali ona odlučuje o suvremenim okolnostima kao i povijesnim pitanjima. Urantija je tek odskora postigla točku društvenog zanimanja za raspravu etičkih pitanja sile i pravde.
1955 81:6.16 6. Effectiveness of language. The spread of civilization must wait upon language. Live and growing languages insure the expansion of civilized thinking and planning. During the early ages important advances were made in language. Today, there is great need for further linguistic development to facilitate the expression of evolving thought.
2014 81:6.16 6. Djelotvornost jezika. Civilizacija se ne može proširiti bez jezika. Živući i rastući jezici osiguravaju širenje civiliziranog razmišljanja i planiranja. Tijekom ranih stoljeća, postignut je bitan napredak u jezičkom razvoju. Danas vlada velika potreba za daljim ježičkim usavršavanjem koje treba poslužiti olakšanju izraza sve naprednije ljudske misli.
1955 81:6.17 Language evolved out of group associations, each local group developing its own system of word exchange. Language grew up through gestures, signs, cries, imitative sounds, intonation, and accent to the vocalization of subsequent alphabets. Language is man’s greatest and most serviceable thinking tool, but it never flourished until social groups acquired some leisure. The tendency to play with language develops new words—slang. If the majority adopt the slang, then usage constitutes it language. The origin of dialects is illustrated by the indulgence in “baby talk” in a family group.
2014 81:6.17 Jezik se razvio kao posljedica formiranja grupnih udruženja, gdje su pojedinačne grupe razvile vlastiti sistem razmjene riječi. Jezik se razvio gestikulacijom, znakovima, uzvicima, imitativnim glasovima, intonacijom i akcentuiranjem--sve do skorijeg glasovnog formiranja abecede. Jezik je čovjekovo najbitnije i najkorisnije misaono oruđe koje se nije moglo razviti sve dok ljudi nisu ostvarili nešto slobodnog vremena. Iz sklonosti k igri riječi, nastale su nove riječi--žargon. Ako ga većina usvoji, žargon postaje jezik. Porijeklo narječja se najbolje može vidjeti iz primjera dječjeg tepanja u okviru obitelji.
1955 81:6.18 Language differences have ever been the great barrier to the extension of peace. The conquest of dialects must precede the spread of a culture throughout a race, over a continent, or to a whole world. A universal language promotes peace, insures culture, and augments happiness. Even when the tongues of a world are reduced to a few, the mastery of these by the leading cultural peoples mightily influences the achievement of world-wide peace and prosperity.
2014 81:6.18 Jezične razlike su uvijek bile velika zapreka širenju mira. Nakon ovladanja narječjima uvijek slijedi širenje kulture u sastavu rase, kontinenta ili cijelog svijeta. Univerzalni jezik pogodouje uspostavi mira, osiguranju kulture i uvećanju sreće. Čak i nakon smanjenja broja velikih svjetskih jezika, nakon što vodeći kulturni narodi ovladaju ovim bitnim jezicima, oni moraju postići općesvjetski mir i prosperitet[3].
1955 81:6.19 While very little progress has been made on Urantia toward developing an international language, much has been accomplished by the establishment of international commercial exchange. And all these international relations should be fostered, whether they involve language, trade, art, science, competitive play, or religion.
2014 81:6.19 Dok Urantija nije bitno uznapredovala u uspostavi internacionalnog jezika, postignut je veliki uspjeh u utemeljenju međunarodne trgovinske razmjene. I bitno je posticati i razvijati sve takve internacionalne odnose, bilo da se radi o razvoju jezika, trgovine, umjestnosti, znanosti, natjecateljskih igara ili religije.
1955 81:6.20 7. Effectiveness of mechanical devices. The progress of civilization is directly related to the development and possession of tools, machines, and channels of distribution. Improved tools, ingenious and efficient machines, determine the survival of contending groups in the arena of advancing civilization.
2014 81:6.20 7. Djelotvornost mehaničkih strojeva. Civilizacijski napredak uveliko ovisi o razvoju i posjedstvu oruđa, strojeva i distribucijskih kanala. Unaprijeđenje oruđa, domišljatih i djelotvornih strojeva, odlučuje o opstanku zavađenih grupa u areni sve naprednije civilizacije.
1955 81:6.21 In the early days the only energy applied to land cultivation was man power. It was a long struggle to substitute oxen for men since this threw men out of employment. Latterly, machines have begun to displace men, and every such advance is directly contributory to the progress of society because it liberates man power for the accomplishment of more valuable tasks.
2014 81:6.21 U rano doba ljudska snaga je bila jedina energija korištena pri obradi zemlje. Ljudi su se žestoko protivili upotrebi volova jer je ovo stvorilo nezaposlenost. Kanije, strojevi su počeli preuzimati ulogu ljudi u proizvodnom procesu i svaki takav napredak izravno vodi društvenom napretku oslobađajući ljude za postignuće vrijednijih aktivnosti.
1955 81:6.22 Science, guided by wisdom, may become man’s great social liberator. A mechanical age can prove disastrous only to a nation whose intellectual level is too low to discover those wise methods and sound techniques for successfully adjusting to the transition difficulties arising from the sudden loss of employment by large numbers consequent upon the too rapid invention of new types of laborsaving machinery.
2014 81:6.22 Pod upravom mudrosti, znanost može postati čovjekov najveći osloboditelj. Strojarsko doba ima katastrofalne posljedice jedino ako zahvaljujući izuzetno niskoj intelektualnoj razini nacija nije u stanju otkriti mudre metode i djelotvorne načine za usklađenje prijelaznih teškoća prouzrokovanih iznenadnom i masivnom nezaposlenošću, rezultatom iznenadnog izma naprednih strojeva koji ušteđuju ljudski rad.
1955 81:6.23 8. Character of torchbearers. Social inheritance enables man to stand on the shoulders of all who have preceded him, and who have contributed aught to the sum of culture and knowledge. In this work of passing on the cultural torch to the next generation, the home will ever be the basic institution. The play and social life comes next, with the school last but equally indispensable in a complex and highly organized society.
2014 81:6.23 8. Karakter prosvjetitelja. Zahvaljujući društvenom nasljeđu, čovjek može uživati u plodovima rada i postignuća svih svojih predaka koji su doprinjeli napretku kulture i znanja. Obiteljski život igra osnovnu ulogu u ovom procesu prenošenja kulturnnog nasljeđa s generacije na generaciju. Za obitelji slijede igra i društveni život, dok u tako složenom i visoko organiziranom društvu obrazovne ustanove imaju najmanju premda neizostavnu ulogu.
1955 81:6.24 Insects are born fully educated and equipped for life—indeed, a very narrow and purely instinctive existence. The human baby is born without an education; therefore man possesses the power, by controlling the educational training of the younger generation, greatly to modify the evolutionary course of civilization.
2014 81:6.24 Kukci dolaze na svijet potpuno opremljeni za život--ali jako ograničenu i posve instinktivnu egzistenciju. Ljudska bića ne dolaze na svijet s naobrazbom; čovjek stoga posjeduje moć izmjene tijeka evolutivne civilizacije zahvaljujući upravnom i obrazovnom utjecaju i poučavanju novih generacija.
1955 81:6.25 The greatest twentieth-century influences contributing to the furtherance of civilization and the advancement of culture are the marked increase in world travel and the unparalleled improvements in methods of communication. But the improvement in education has not kept pace with the expanding social structure; neither has the modern appreciation of ethics developed in correspondence with growth along more purely intellectual and scientific lines. And modern civilization is at a standstill in spiritual development and the safeguarding of the home institution.
2014 81:6.25 U dvadesetom stoljeću, bitno uvećanje putničke aktivnosti i neviđeno unaprijeđenje komunikativnih metoda predstavljaju najbitnije utjecaje koji vode napretku civilizacije i unaprijeđenju kulture. Ali unaprjeđenje obrazovanja nije uspjelo očuvati korak u procesu širenja društvene strukture; niti je suvremena spoznaja vrijednosti etike uspjela uznapredovati u usporedbi s razvojem posve intelektualnih ili znanstvenih disciplina. I suvremena civilizacija miruje na mrtvoj točki u pogledu duhovnog razvoja i po pitanju očuvanja obiteljske institucije.
1955 81:6.26 9. The racial ideals. The ideals of one generation carve out the channels of destiny for immediate posterity. The quality of the social torchbearers will determine whether civilization goes forward or backward. The homes, churches, and schools of one generation predetermine the character trend of the succeeding generation. The moral and spiritual momentum of a race or a nation largely determines the cultural velocity of that civilization.
2014 81:6.26 9. Ideali ljudskog roda. Ideali svake pojedine generacije otvaraju put sudbinskim postignućima njezinih neposrednih potomaka. Ovisno o kvaliteti društvenih prosvjetitelja, civilizacija može ili bilo u smijeru napretka ili u smijeru degradacije. Obitelji, religiozne ustanove i škole svake pojedine generacije odlučuju o karakternim obilježjima narednih generacija. Moralini i duhovni momentum nacionalne ili rasne grupe uveliko odlučuje o stopi i smijeru kulturnog kretanja određene civilizacije.
1955 81:6.27 Ideals elevate the source of the social stream. And no stream will rise any higher than its source no matter what technique of pressure or directional control may be employed. The driving power of even the most material aspects of a cultural civilization is resident in the least material of society’s achievements. Intelligence may control the mechanism of civilization, wisdom may direct it, but spiritual idealism is the energy which really uplifts and advances human culture from one level of attainment to another.
2014 81:6.27 Ideali obogaćuju izvor društvene struje. I struja nikad ne može nadići svoj izvor, neovisno o svakom obliku pritiska i usmjeriteljskogutjecaja. Čak i kad je riječ o posve materijalnim aspektima kulturne civilizacije, pokretačka snaga uvijek počiva u onim društvenim postignućima koja nose najmanja materijalna obilježja. Inteligencija može ispoljavati kontrolu nad civilizacijskim mehanizmom, mudrost može njime upravljati, dok duhovni idealizam predstavlja energiju koja istinski uzdiže i unaprijeđuje ljudsku kulturu s jedne razine postignuća na drugu.
1955 81:6.28 At first life was a struggle for existence; now, for a standard of living; next it will be for quality of thinking, the coming earthly goal of human existence.
2014 81:6.28 Život je isprva bio borba za život; danas je stremljenje k višem standardu života; u narednom će biti težnja za kvaliteto m razmišljanja, novim zemaljskim ciljem ljudske egzistencije.
1955 81:6.29 10. Co-ordination of specialists. Civilization has been enormously advanced by the early division of labor and by its later corollary of specialization. Civilization is now dependent on the effective co-ordination of specialists. As society expands, some method of drawing together the various specialists must be found.
2014 81:6.29 10. Koordinacija stručnosti. Rana podjela rada praćena skorijom posljedicom stručnog usavršavanja igra bitnu ulogu pri unaprijeđenju civilizacije. Civilizacija trenutno ovisi o djelotvornoj koordinaciji specijalista. Kako drušvo bude sve višenapredovalo, bitno je naći metodu za povezivanje osoba usavršenih u različitim oblastima.
1955 81:6.30 Social, artistic, technical, and industrial specialists will continue to multiply and increase in skill and dexterity. And this diversification of ability and dissimilarity of employment will eventually weaken and disintegrate human society if effective means of co-ordination and co-operation are not developed. But the intelligence which is capable of such inventiveness and such specialization should be wholly competent to devise adequate methods of control and adjustment for all problems resulting from the rapid growth of invention and the accelerated pace of cultural expansion.
2014 81:6.30 Osobe usavršene u društvenim, umjetničkim, tehničkim i inustrijskim disciplinama moraju nastaviti umnožavati i uvećavati svoju vještinu i stručnost. I ovo uvećanje raznolikosti stručne spreme s vremenom mora oslabiti i razjediniti ljudsko društvo--ako ljudi ne uspiju pronaći i razviti koordinacijske i kooperacijske metode. Ali inteligencija koja se u stanju domisliti takvoj invencioznosti i specijalizaciji mora u cjelosti biti sposobna naći djelotvorne metode kontrole i usklađenja svih problema koji proizlaze iz ubrzanog rasta invencioznosti i ubrzane stope kulturne ekspanzije.
1955 81:6.31 11. Place-finding devices. The next age of social development will be embodied in a better and more effective co-operation and co-ordination of ever-increasing and expanding specialization. And as labor more and more diversifies, some technique for directing individuals to suitable employment must be devised. Machinery is not the only cause for unemployment among the civilized peoples of Urantia. Economic complexity and the steady increase of industrial and professional specialism add to the problems of labor placement.
2014 81:6.31 11. Pronalaženje položaja. Nastupajuće doba društvenog razvoja mora biti obilježeno boljom i djelotvornijom kooperacijom i koordinacijom sve većeg i dalekosežnijeg usavršavanja. I s uvećanjem raznolikosti radne snage bitno je naći metode za osiguranje usmjerenja stručne snage na odgovarajuća radna mjesta. Strojevi nisu jedini uzrok nezaposlenosti civiliziranih naroda Urantije. Problemima iznalaženja odgovarajućih položaja doprinose i ekonomsko usložnjavanje i neprestani porast industrijskog i profesionalnog usavršavanja.
1955 81:6.32 It is not enough to train men for work; in a complex society there must also be provided efficient methods of place finding. Before training citizens in the highly specialized techniques of earning a living, they should be trained in one or more methods of commonplace labor, trades or callings which could be utilized when they were transiently unemployed in their specialized work. No civilization can survive the long-time harboring of large classes of unemployed. In time, even the best of citizens will become distorted and demoralized by accepting support from the public treasury. Even private charity becomes pernicious when long extended to able-bodied citizens.
2014 81:6.32 Ljude nije dovoljno obučiti za rad; složeno društvo mora naći djelotvorne metode pronalaženja odgovarajućih stručnih položaja. Prije visokog usavršavanja u pogledu životnih vještina, bitno je obučiti građane u jednoj ili više metoda običnijih stručnih sprema, trgovinskih aktivnosti ili zanimanja na koja se mogu osloniti prilikom privremene nezaposlenosti u okviru visoko usavršene spreme. Ni jedna civilizacija ne može opstati ako u svom sastavu bude morala mositi velike klase nezaposlenih građana. I najbolje osobe s vremenom čeka demoralizacija i iskrivljene s primitkom pomoći iz javne riznice. Čak i privatna dobrotnorna pomoć djeluje štetno ako se dulje vrijeme stavi na raspolaganje sposobnoj radnoj snazi.
1955 81:6.33 Such a highly specialized society will not take kindly to the ancient communal and feudal practices of olden peoples. True, many common services can be acceptably and profitably socialized, but highly trained and ultraspecialized human beings can best be managed by some technique of intelligent co-operation. Modernized co-ordination and fraternal regulation will be productive of longer-lived co-operation than will the older and more primitive methods of communism or dictatorial regulative institutions based on force.
2014 81:6.33 Tako visoko usavršeno društvo neće olako gledati na prastare komunalne i feudalne običaje drvnih naroda. Istina, dok je moguće postići prihvatljivo i rentabilno podruštvljenje mnogih javnih službi, najbolje je upravljati visoko školovanim i usavršenim osobama pomoću neme vještine inteligentne kooperacije. U usporedbi s primitivnijim metodama komunizma i diktatorskih regulativnih institucija koje počivaju na sili, modernizirana koordinacija i bratstvena uprava moraju rezultirati trajnijom kooperacijom.
1955 81:6.34 12. The willingness to co-operate. One of the great hindrances to the progress of human society is the conflict between the interests and welfare of the larger, more socialized human groups and of the smaller, contrary-minded asocial associations of mankind, not to mention antisocially-minded single individuals.
2014 81:6.34 12. Pripravnost k suradnji. Jedna od najvećih zapreka napretku ljudskog društva počiva u sukobu između interesa i blagostanja većih, društvenijih ljudskih grupa i manjih usprotivljenih i nedruštvenih grupa ljudskog roda, da ne govorimo o protudruštvenim pojedincima.
1955 81:6.35 No national civilization long endures unless its educational methods and religious ideals inspire a high type of intelligent patriotism and national devotion. Without this sort of intelligent patriotism and cultural solidarity, all nations tend to disintegrate as a result of provincial jealousies and local self-interests.
2014 81:6.35 Ni jedna nacionalna civilizacija ne može dulje opstati ako svojim obrazovnim metodama i religioznim idealima ne bude u stanju pobuditi nadahnuće visokog oblika inteligentnog rodoljublja i nacionalne odanosti. Bez takvog inteligentnog rodoljublja i kulturne solidarnosti , nacije se rapadajukao rezultat provincijske ljubomore i lokalnih samointeresa.
1955 81:6.36 The maintenance of world-wide civilization is dependent on human beings learning how to live together in peace and fraternity. Without effective co-ordination, industrial civilization is jeopardized by the dangers of ultraspecialization: monotony, narrowness, and the tendency to breed distrust and jealousy.
2014 81:6.36 Održanje općesvjetske civilizacije ovisi o tome koliko se ljudska bića nauče zajedničkom življenju u miru i bratstvenosti. Bez djelotvorne suradnje, industrijskoj civilizaciji prijeti opasnosti od previsokog usavršavanja: monotonije, ograničenosti i sklonosti prema nepovjerenju i ljubomori.
1955 81:6.37 13. Effective and wise leadership. In civilization much, very much, depends on an enthusiastic and effective load-pulling spirit. Ten men are of little more value than one in lifting a great load unless they lift together—all at the same moment. And such teamwork—social co-operation—is dependent on leadership. The cultural civilizations of the past and the present have been based upon the intelligent co-operation of the citizenry with wise and progressive leaders; and until man evolves to higher levels, civilization will continue to be dependent on wise and vigorous leadership.
2014 81:6.37 13. Djelotvorna i mudra uprava. U okviru svake civilizacije, jako mnogo toga ovisi o entuzijastičnom i djelotvornom duhu trudbenika. Deset ljudi nije od veće koristi od jednog čovjeka kad treba podići teret izuzev ako sjedine snage--ako svi podignu u istom času. I takva suradnja--društvena kooperacija--ovisi upravo o vodstvu. Kulturna civilizacija prošlosti i sadašnjosti počiva upravo na temeljima inteligentne suradnje građana s mudrim i progresivnim vođama; i sve dok ljudi ne budu uznapredovali do viših razina, civilizacija nastavlja ovisiti o mudrom i odlučnom vodstvu.
1955 81:6.38 High civilizations are born of the sagacious correlation of material wealth, intellectual greatness, moral worth, social cleverness, and cosmic insight.
2014 81:6.38 Visoke civilizacije počivaju na mudrom usklađenju materijalnog blaga, intelektualne moći, morlne vrijednosti, društvene domišljatosti i kozmičkog uvida.
1955 81:6.39 14. Social changes. Society is not a divine institution; it is a phenomenon of progressive evolution; and advancing civilization is always delayed when its leaders are slow in making those changes in the social organization which are essential to keeping pace with the scientific developments of the age. For all that, things must not be despised just because they are old, neither should an idea be unconditionally embraced just because it is novel and new.
2014 81:6.39 14. Društvene promjene. Društvo nije božanska institucija; ono je fenomen progresivne evolucije; i napredna civilizacija mora doći u zastoj pri svakoj situaciji pri kojoj vođe nisu u stanju spremno odgovoriti na zahtijeve onih promjena društvene organizacije koje igraju bitnu ulogu u održanju koraka sa znanstvenim otkrićima tekućeg doba. Unatoč svemu tome, ne trebate odbaciti stvari samo zato što su stare i nemojte bezuvjetno prihvatati nove ideje samo zato što su nove i neobične.
1955 81:6.40 Man should be unafraid to experiment with the mechanisms of society. But always should these adventures in cultural adjustment be controlled by those who are fully conversant with the history of social evolution; and always should these innovators be counseled by the wisdom of those who have had practical experience in the domains of contemplated social or economic experiment. No great social or economic change should be attempted suddenly. Time is essential to all types of human adjustment—physical, social, or economic. Only moral and spiritual adjustments can be made on the spur of the moment, and even these require the passing of time for the full outworking of their material and social repercussions. The ideals of the race are the chief support and assurance during the critical times when civilization is in transit from one level to another.
2014 81:6.40 Čovjek ne treba strahovati od ideje o izvođenju pokusa s društvenim mehanizmima. Ali ova pustolovna društvena usklađenja uvijek moraju počivati pod kontrolom osoba potanko upoznatih s poviješću društvene evolucije; i pri svim takvim inovacijama trema računati na savjet onih koji doživjeli praktična iskustva u domenama planiranog društvenog ili ekonomskog eksperimenta. Ne smijete poduzimati nagle korake pri velikim društvenim ili ekonomskim promjenama. Vrijeme igra bitnu ulogu pri svim oblicima ljudskog usklađenja-fizičkog, društvenog ili ekonomskog. Jedino moralna i društvena usklađenja mogu biti izvedena impulzivno, dok i ostvarenje njihovih materijalnih i društvenih posljedica zahtijeva određeni vremenski period.Rasni ideali predstavljaju osnovnu potporu i osiguranje tijekom kritičnih razdoblja prijelaza iz jedne civilizacijske razine u drugu.
1955 81:6.41 15. The prevention of transitional breakdown. Society is the offspring of age upon age of trial and error; it is what survived the selective adjustments and readjustments in the successive stages of mankind’s agelong rise from animal to human levels of planetary status. The great danger to any civilization—at any one moment—is the threat of breakdown during the time of transition from the established methods of the past to those new and better, but untried, procedures of the future.
2014 81:6.41 15. Spriječavanje prijelaznog sloma. Društvo je proizvod višestoljećnih eksperimenata; ono je ostavština koja je preživjela odabir višestrukih usklađenja tijekom više niza stadija ljudskog uspona od životinjskog do ljudskog planetarnog statusa. Velika opasnost prijeti svakoj civilizaciji--svakog časa- -od sloma prilikom prijelaza iz razdoblja negdašnjih utemeljenih metoda u te nove i bolje--premda neiskušane--metode budućnosti.
1955 81:6.42 Leadership is vital to progress. Wisdom, insight, and foresight are indispensable to the endurance of nations. Civilization is never really jeopardized until able leadership begins to vanish. And the quantity of such wise leadership has never exceeded one per cent of the population.
2014 81:6.42 Napredak nije moguć bez vođa. Mudrost, uvid i spoznaja predstavljaju neodvojive činitelje nacionalnog opstanka. Civilizacija neće doći u opasnost sve dok bude imala vođe. I brojnost tako mudrog vodstva nikad nije prevazišla jedan procenat pučanstva.
1955 81:6.43 And it was by these rungs on the evolutionary ladder that civilization climbed to that place where those mighty influences could be initiated which have culminated in the rapidly expanding culture of the twentieth century. And only by adherence to these essentials can man hope to maintain his present-day civilizations while providing for their continued development and certain survival.
2014 81:6.43 I upravoovim stepenicama evolucijskog napretka, civilizacija se uspjela uspeti do stadija koji je omogućio aktivaciju moćnih utjecaja koji kulminiraju u brzom širenju kulture dvadesetog stoljeća. I jedino ako se bude držao ovih bitnih činitelja, čovjek može održati suvremene civilizacije istovremeno ostvarujući uvjete za njihov dalji razvoj i siguran opstanak.
1955 81:6.44 This is the gist of the long, long struggle of the peoples of earth to establish civilization since the age of Adam. Present-day culture is the net result of this strenuous evolution. Before the discovery of printing, progress was relatively slow since one generation could not so rapidly benefit from the achievements of its predecessors. But now human society is plunging forward under the force of the accumulated momentum of all the ages through which civilization has struggled.
2014 81:6.44 Ovo je bit te duge, duge borbe svjetskih naroda za utemeljenje civilizacije od Adamovog doba. Suvremena kultura predstavlja neto rezultat ove naporne evolucije. Prije otkrića tiska, napredak je bio prilično usporen zato što generacije nisu bile u stanju izvući korist iz ranijih postignuća svojih predaka. Ali ljudsko društvo ovog časa hiti pod silom kumulativnog momentuma svih stoljeća kroz koje je civilizacija s mukom uznapredovala.
2014 81:6.45 (Predstavljeno pod nadzorom Nebadonskog Arhanđela.)
¶ Reference
¶ Biblija
- ↑ 81:1.4 Ruski rad: Post 3:17-19.
- ↑ 81:1.4 Poželjni pastoralni prinosi: Post 4:2-5.
- ↑ 81:6.18 Jedan jezik: Post 11:1-9.